Dynamical Systems Analysis of a Five-Dimensional Trophic Food Web Model in the Southern Oceans

Figure 2

The Hopf curve: The curve shows the location in (𝑁₀,𝛽) space at which oscillatory solutions are born. The smooth line shows the supercritical Hopf points and the dashed lines shows the subcritical Hopf points. Here 𝛼=0.4, 𝛾=1.2, 𝛿=0.4, 𝜂=0.01, 𝑐_𝑏0=0.1, 𝑐_𝑝0=0.1, 𝜇=0.1.