Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women

Table 3

Men: mortality risk factors.

	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval	value
Mean	1.026	1.013–1.040	<0.001
Country of birth, Nordic country	1.446	0.980–2.135	0.063
Chronic physical disease	1.025	0.789–1.332	0.851
Work for the last 3 yrs	0.781	0.588–1.038	0.088
Lifetime history of substance abuse (>1 yr)
Binge drinking	1.001	0.768–1.304	0.995
	1.737	1.261–2.393	0.001
Other opioids	0.938	0.655–1.345	0.729
	1.404	1.026-1.923	0.034
	0.684	0.491–0.953	0.025
Cannabis	1.067	0.791–1.439	0.670
Injection drug	1.430	1.013–2.018	0.042
Mean number of substances used, last 30 days	1.040	0.922–1.172	0.524
Lifetime history of psychiatric problems
Hospitalization	1.099	0.784–1.541	0.583
Suicide attempt	1.136	0.839–1.539	0.410

significantly associated with the outcome variable.