Emerging Photovoltaics: Organic, Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide, and Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Table 6

Comparison of cost and manufacturing process.

Devices	Cost of raw material	Cost of manufacturing	Method of manufacturing	Other properties
Organic	Low	Low	Environmentally friendly, requires low temperature and energy	Can be tailored according to application, thin and light weight, shorter lifetime
CZTS	Higher than organic	High	Uses toxic solvents	Suitable for high temperature applications, efficiency less sensitive to temperature, longer lifetime
Perovskite	Higher than organic	Low	Low temperature solution-based fabrication, toxic due to lead (Pb)	High stability in air, sensitive to moisture, high efficiency but degrades under normal conditions, working principle as yet unestablished