Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type: An Underdiagnosed Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorder with Mucocutaneous, Articular, and Systemic Manifestations

Table 8

Standards for evaluating range of motion of adults’ joints.

Movement	Maximal ROM
Shoulder elevation through flexion	180°
Elbow extension	190°–195^°1
Elbow pronation-supination	170^°2
Wrist flexion	80°
Wrist extension	70°
Wrist ulnar deviation	30°
Wrist radial deviation	20°
2nd finger MCP joint extension	45°
PIP and DIP joint extension	0°
Hip abduction with leg extended	45°
Hip adduction with leg extended	30°
Knee extension	180°–190^°1
Ankle dorsiflexion	20°
Ankle plantar flexion	50°
1st toe MTP joint extension	70°
Mandible depression	35–50 mm
Mandible protrusion	3–7 mm
Mandible lateral deviation	10–15 mm
Neck rotation	11 cm^3
Neck flexion	45°
Neck extension	45°
Neck lateral flexion	45°
Thoracolumbar spine lateral flexion	35°

¹The lower and the upper end fits better for men and women, respectively.
²80° in supination and 90° in pronation from mid-position.
³From the tip of the chin to the lateral aspect of the acromion process.
DIP: distal interphalangeal, MCP: metacarpophalangeal, MTP: metatarsophalangeal, PIP: proximal interphalangeal, ROM: range of motion.