C-Peptide Reduces Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation by Restoring Complex I Activity in High Glucose-Exposed Renal Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Figure 2

(a) At 24 hours, high glucose resulted in significant mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. Subsequently, endothelial mitochondria were depolarized (after 48 hours). Treatment with C-peptide resulted in restoration of ΔΨm at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure to a high glucose stress. *, significantly greater than low-glucose and high-glucose + C-peptide (𝑃<0.009); #, significantly less than low-glucose and high-glucose + C-peptide (𝑃<0.002). Data represent means ± SEM and 𝑛=6 experiments. (b) Representative fluorescence micrographs of renal MECs treated with JC-1.

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