Bacterial Etiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Profile in Children Attending Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Table 7
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with UTI among children attending Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Variables
Category
Frequency (%)
UTI status
Logistic regression analysis
Bivariate COR (95% CI)
Multivariate AOR (95% CI)
Positive no (%)
Negative no (%)
Gender
Male
111 (50.5)
31 (27.9)
80 (72.1)
1
1
Female
109 (49.5)
39 (35.8)
70 (64.2)
1.01 (0.02–1.72)
0.67 (0.02–1.86)
Age (years)
<5
8 7 (39.5)
34 (39.1)
53 (60.9)
1.78 (0.55–5.58)
1.41 (0.86–5.97)
5–10
88 (40)
19 (21.6)
69 (78.4)
1.35 (0.44–4.65)
1.21 (0.33–4.32)
11–15
45 (20.5)
17 (37.8)
28 (62.2)
1
Residence
Urban
142 (64.5)
26 (18)
116 (82)
1
1
Rural
78 (35.5)
44 (56.4)
34 (43.6)
1.07 (0.08–1.12)
0.88 (0.32–2.11)
Occupation (family)
Civil servant
82 (37.3)
18 (22)
64 (78)
1
1
Farmer
85 (38.6)
22 (26)
63 (74)
2.09 (1.66–2.22)
0.86 (0.03–1.77)
Merchant
38 (17.3)
15 (39.5)
23 (60.5)
0.19 (0.06–1.32)
1.06 (0.03–2.07)
Other#
15 (6.8)
15 (100)
0
1.66 (0.24–1.98)
0.92 (0.05–1.98)
Education level (children)
No formal education
70 (31.8)
23 (32.9)
47 (67.1)
1.11 (0.02–1.86
0.44 (0.03–1.26)
Kindergarten
47 (21.4)
13 (27.7)
34 (72.3)
0.04 (0.01–0.83)
0.21 (0.01–0.89)
Primary school
103 (46.8)
34 (33)
69 (67)
1
1
Education level (family)
Illiterate
25 (11.4)
8 (32)
17 (68)
0.13 (0.02–0.88)
1.01 (0.06–1.01)
Primary school
76 (34.5)
26 (34.2)
50 (65.8)
0.25 (0.11–0.71)
1.23 (0.99–2.76)
Secondary
66 (30)
19 (28.8)
47 (71.2)
1.55 (0.82–2.44)
0.85 (0.02–1.19)
Tertiary
53 (24.1)
17 (32.1)
36 (67.9)
1
History of catheterization
Yes
55 (25)
47 (85.5)
8 (14.5)
0.45 (0.21–1.38)
3.22 (1.06–7.31)
No
165 (75)
23 (13.9)
142 (86.1)
1
1
Previous history of UTI
Yes
80 (36.4)
52 (65)
28 ((35)
0.27 (0.09–2.44)
1.04
No
140 (63.6)
18 (12.9)
122 (87.1)
1
History of antimicrobial treatment
Yes
113 (51.4)
27 (23.9)
86 (76.1)
0.52 (0.143–0.96)
0.96 (0.31–2.58)
No
107 (48.6)
43 (40.2)
64 (59.8)
1
Presence of malnutrition
Yes
57 (25.9)
42 (73.7)
15 (26.3)
0.46 (0.16–1.48)
2.18
No
163 (74.1)
28 (17.2)
135 (82.8)
1
1
Patient setting
Inpatient
66 (30)
31 (47)
35 (53)
2.11 (1.02–4.58)
0.12 (0.08–2.37)
Outpatient
154 (70)
39 (25.3)
115 (74.7)
1
Prolonged ICU stays
Yes
62 (28.2)
55 (88.7)
7 (11.3)
1.37 (0.14–3.92)
1.45 (0.29, 4.48)
No
158 (71.8)
15 (9.5)
143 (90.5)
1
1
Length of catheterizations (yes = 55)
<One week
35 (63.6)
17 (48.6)
18 (51.4)
1
≥One week
20 (36.4)
9 (45)
11 (55)
2.09 (1.04–3.09)
2.01 (0.99–2.66)
Male circumcision (n = 111)
Yes
67 (60.3)
37 (55.2)
30 (44.8)
0.33 (0.13–1.45)
1.18 (1.01–1.73)
No
44 (39.6)
23 (52.3)
21 (47.7)
1
Previous hospitalization
Yes
96 (43.6)
55 (57.3)
41 (42.7)
0.22 (0.06–1.17)
1.08 (0.09–1.88)
No
124 (56.4)
15 (12.1)
109 (87.9)
1
1
Prolonged hospitalization
Yes
71 (32.3)
26 (36.6)
45 (63.4)
1.02 (0.11–2.05)
0.99 (0.31–1.86)
No
149 (67.7)
44 (29.5)
105 (70.5)
1
1
History of diabetic matatus
Yes
73 (33.2)
19 (26)
54 (74)
1.43 (1.26–2.01)
0.83 (0.77–1.78)
No
147 (66.8)
51 (34.7)
96 (65.3)
1
Presence of other chronic diseases
Yes
95 (43.2)
30 (31.6)
65 (68.4)
0.55 (0.07–1.12)
0.78 (0.17–2.09)
No
125 (56.8)
40 (32)
85 (68)
1
1
COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ∗denotes significance at a value <0.05. #Private worker, non-employed, housewife, and retired persons.
