Stunting as a Risk Factor of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children: A Literature Review

Table 3

Summary of clinical manifestations in various studies.

Type of disease	Clinical manifestations	Effect size	-value	Ref
Helminthiasis	Abdominal pain	X^2 = 2.63	0.105	[21]
	Abdominal bloating	X^2 = 11.84	0.001
	Watery diarrhea	X^2 = 13.96	<0.001
	Bloody diarrhea	X^2 = 1.52	0.217
	Hepatomegaly	X^2 = 0.01	0.948
	Anemic conjunctiva	X^2 = 3.44	0.064
	Big belly	X^2 = 20.56	<0.001
	Splenomegaly	X^2 = 0.79	0.373
	Abdominal tenderness	X^2 = 2.29	0.130
Hookworm infection	Pale subconjunctiva	aOR^a = 1.91
Ascariasis/Trichuriasis coinfection	Iron deficiency anemia	aPR^b = 3.1		[22]

^aAdjusted odds ratio. ^bAdjusted prevalence ratio. The test used was the chi-square test.