Stunting as a Risk Factor of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children: A Literature Review

Table 2

Summary of studies in general and studies identifying proportion of STH infections in children under five.

Author (Year)	Study Location	Research Method	Number of Samples	Population Age	Disease	Prevalence	Stunting Prevalence	Ref
Gyorkos et al. (2011)	Peru	Cross sectional	164	7–9 months	Ascariasis	3/164 (1.8%)	25.9%	[17]
					Trichuriasis	2/164 (1.2%)
					Hookworm infection	2/164 (1.2%)
			185	12–14 months	Ascariasis	23/185 (12.4%)
					Trichuriasis	39/185 (21.1%)
					Hookworm infection	1/185 (0.5%)
Kounnavong et al. (2011)	Laos	Cross sectional	570	12–59 months	Ascariasis	156/570 (27.4%)	48.9%	[18]
					Trichuriasis	62/570 (10.9%)
					Hookworm infection	62/570 (10.9%)
Jimenez et al. (2013)	Mexico	Cross sectional	250	0–5 years	Ascariasis	84/250 (33.6%)	60%	[19]
					Trichuriasis	3/250 (1.2%)
					Ascariasis and trichuriasis	6/250 (2.4%)
Halpenny et al. (2013)	Panama	RCT (randomized controlled trial)	356	0–48 months	Ascariasis	71/356 (20%)	72%	[20]
					Trichuriasis	4/356 (1%)
					Hookworm infection	18/356 (5%)
Sayasone et al. (2014)	Laos	Cross sectional	464	6 months–5 years	Ascariasis	90/464 (19.4%)	46.3%	[21]
					Trichuriasis	37/464 (8%)
					Hookworm infection	194/464 (41.8%)
Suchdev et al. (2014)	Kenya	Cross sectional	205	6 months—5years	Ascariasis	50/205 (24.1%)	29.7%	[22]
					Trichuriasis	47/205 (24%)
					Hookworm infection	0%
Cabada et al. (2014)	Peru	Cross sectional	62	0–5years	Ascariasis	6/62 (9.7%)	70.7% (in 0–10 years old population)	[23]
					Trichuriasis	10/62 (16.1%)
					Hookworm infection	5/62 (8.1%)
					Strongyloidiasis	3/62 (4.8%)
Joseph et al. (2014)	Peru	Cross sectional	1760	12–13 months	Ascariasis	185/1760 (10.5%)	24.2%	[24]
					Trichuriasis	48/1760 (2.7%)
					Hookworm infection	6/1760 (0.3%)
					Any STH	219/1760 (12.4%)
Adeniran et al. (2017)	Nigeria	Cross sectional	138	0–5 years	Ascariasis	65/138 (47.1%)	39.5% (in 0–71 months old population)	[25]
					Trichuriasis	7/138 (4.1%)
					Hookworm infection	50/138 (36.2%)
					Strongyloidiasis	5/138 (3.6%)
Aiemjoy et al. (2017)	Ethiopia	Cross sectional	212	0–5 years	Ascariasis	23/212 (10.8%)	12.4%	[26]
					Trichuriasis	3/212 (1.4%)
					Hookworm infection	0%
Garzón et al. (2017)	Sao Tome and Principe Republic	Prospective cohort (until 24 months old)	80	28 days	Ascariasis	8/80 (10%)	23% (at the end of the study)	[27]
					Trichuriasis	2/80 (2.5%)
					Hookworm infection	0%
					Strongyloidiasis	0%
					Ascariasis + giardiasis	4/80 (5%)
					Trichuriasis + giardiasis	2/80 (2.5%)
					Trichuriasis + ascariasis + giardiasis	1/80 (1.3%)
					Cryptosporidium spp. + ascariasis	2/80 (2.5%)
					Cryptosporidium spp. + trichuriasis	1/80 (1.3%)
Nery et al. (2018)	Timor Leste	RCT (randomized controlled trial)	130	1–5 years	Ascariasis	26/130 (20%)	61.5%	[28]
					Hookworm infection	14/130 (10.8%)
Ulayya et al. (2018)	Indonesia	Cross sectional	50	2–5 years	Helminthiasis (according to symptoms)	3/50 (6%)	26%	[29]
Jimenez et al. (2019)	Mexico	Cross sectional	178	0–5 years	Ascariasis	48/178 (27%)	41.8%	[30]
					Trichuriasis	6/178 (3.4%)
Huus et al. (2020)	Madagascar and Central African Republic	Cross sectional	138	2–5 years	Helminthiasis	70/125 (56%)	51.4%	[31]
Yoseph and Beyene (2020)	Ethiopia	Cross sectional	622	6–59 months	Ascariasis	67/622 (10.8%)	39.3%	[32]
					Trichuriasis	38/622 (6.1%)
					Hookworm infection	49/622 (7.9%)
					Strongyloidiasis	10/622 (1.6%)
Osman et al. (2020)	Ethiopia	Cross sectional	387	1–5 years	Ascariasis	57/387 (14.7%)	30%	[33]
					Trichuriasis	2/387 (0.5%)
					Hookworm infection	6/387 (1.6%)