Prevalence of Moraxella Catarrhalis as a Nasal Flora among Healthy Kindergarten Children in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Table 3

Bivariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for carriage of M. catarrhalis among participants.

Parameters	Isolated		Not isolated		P value	OR (CI 95%)
	Numbers	Percentage (%)	Numbers	Percentage (%)
1) Gender
Male	46	56.8	35	43.2	Ref.	Ref.
Female	34	61.8	21	38.2	0.6	1.2 (0.61–2.48)
2) Age
< 3 yrs.	39	65.0	21	35.0	Ref.	Ref.
3–4 yrs.	12	41.4	17	58.6	0.04	0.4 (0.15–0.94)
4–5 yrs.	10	76.9	3	23.1	0.4	1.8 (0.44–7.24)
5 yrs. +	19	55.9	15	44.1	0.3	0.7 (0.29–1.61)
3) Category of school
Public school	54	62.1	33	37.9	Ref.	Ref.
Private school	26	53.1	23	47.0	0.3	0.7 (0.34–1.40)
4) Grade
Playgroup	42	61.8	26	38.2	Ref.	Ref.
Nursery	13	52.0	12	48.0	0.4	0.7 (0.27–1.69)
L.K.G.	12	66.7	6	33.2	0.7	1.2 (0.41–3.70)
U.K.G.	13	52.0	12	48.0	0.4	0.7 (0.27–1.7)
5) Fathers’ education
Primary	12	57.1	9	42.9	Ref.	Ref.
Secondary	15	57.7	11	42.3	0.97	1.02 (0.3–3.3)
Higher	20	51.3	19	48.7	0.6	0.8 (0.27–2.30)
Bachelor’s degree and above	30	69.8	13	30.2	0.3	1.7 (0.59–5.11)
Uneducated	3	42.9	4	57.1	0.5	0.6 (0.1–3.2)
6) Mothers’ education
Primary	12	60.0	8	40.0	Ref.	Ref.
Secondary	14	51.9	13	48.2	0.6	0.7 (0.22–2.31)
Higher	23	56.1	18	43.9	0.8	0.9 (0.29–2.53)
Bachelor’s degree and above	23	59.0	12	41.0	0.7	(0.41–3.97)
Uneducated	8	61.5	5	38.5	0.9	1.1 (0.25–4.46)
7) Class occupancy
<15	18	50.0	18	50.0	Ref.	Ref.
15–30	36	70.6	15	29.4	0.05	2.4 (0.99–5.84)
>30	26	53.0	23	47.0	0.8	1.1 (0.48–2.67)
8) Ward
Ward no.10	26	54.2	22	45.8	Ref.	Ref.
Ward no.8	18	48.7	19	51.4	0.6	0.8 (0.34–1.89)
Ward no. 7	36	70.6	15	29.4	0.09	2.03 (0.89–4.65)
9) Antibiotic consumption within 6 months
Yes	26	47.3	29	52.7	Ref.	Ref.
No	54	66.7	27	33.3	0.03	2.2 (1.1–4.5)