The Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Self-Medication and the Rate of Antibiotic Use in Patients Referred to COVID-19

Table 4

Distribution of relative and absolute frequency of self-medication in the participants.

Questions	Test statistic	No	Yes	value
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Familiarity with the concept of drug resistance	−1.3	4.3 ± 12.2	4.2 ± 11.4	0.177
Self-medication	−0.615	4.4 ± 11.9	4.2 ± 11.5	0.539
Due to the lack of need to see a doctor	−1.2	4.4 ± 11.4	4.1 ± 12.08	0.203
Due to not having enough time to see a doctor	−0.494	4.3 ± 11.6	4.2 ± 11.8	0.622
To avoid paying for a doctor’s visit	−0.971	4.2 ± 11.5	4.5 ± 12.1	0.331
Due to not having a health insurance	−1.5	4.2 ± 11.5	4.5 ± 12.5	0.119
Due to the safety of the drugs used	−1.6	4.1 ± 11.4	4.5 ± 12.3	0.107
Due to getting the desired result from the previous arbitrary consumption	−1.6	4.1 ± 11.3	4.4 ± 12.3	0.092
Due to the preference of foreign drugs over Iranian	−0.197	4.3 ± 11.7	4.3 ± 11.7	0.844
To store medicine at home for later use	−1.1	4.3 ± 11.5	4.3 ± 12.1	0.267
Due to the lack of medication prescribed by some doctors	−0.342	4.2 ± 11.7	4.4 ± 11.5	0.732
Due to not believing in the doctor’s treatment	−0.625	4.3 ± 11.8	4.2 ± 11.2	0.532
Due to being in a hurry	−1.2	4.3 ± 11.5	4.2 ± 11.2	0.225
Due to lack of feeling the need for a doctor’s opinion	−0.186	4.3 ± 11.7	4.3 ± 11.6	0.853
Due to not having a suitable financial situation to see a doctor	−2.4	4.1 ± 11.4	4.6 ± 13	0.016
Due to the supply of medicine by the pharmacy	−0.430	4.1 ± 11.5	4.6 ± 12.1	0.789
Because of the advice of others	−0.750	4.6 ± 12.08	4.1 ± 11.5	0.453