Contact Toxicity Effects of Selected Organic Leaf Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and Vernonia lasiopus (O. Hoffman) against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Table 6

Contact toxicity effects of DCM leaf extracts of V. lasiopus against S. zeamais.

Group	Treatment (% extract)	Mean percent corrected mortality (pr) with exposure period (hours)
		6 hr	24 hr	48 hr	72 hr	96 hr
Negative control	Solvent only	00.00 ± 0.00^d	00.00 ± 0.00^d	00.00 ± 0.00^e	00.00 ± 0.00^d	00.00 ± 0.00^e
Positive control	Actellic Super™	95.00 ± 2.04^a	97.47 ± 2.49^a	99.98 ± 0.25^a	99.95 ± 0.29^a	99.93 ± 0.03^a
DCM leaf extract	25% (v/v)	01.67 ± 1.67^d	06.63 ± 1.63^d	18.30 ± 3.30^d	24.93 ± 4.98^c	31.57 ± 1.67^d
	50% (v/v)	02.50 ± 2.50^d	11.23 ± 2.38^d	18.73 ± 2.39^d	26.20 ± 3.15^c	32.43 ± 1.43^d
	75% (v/v)	25.00 ± 2.04^c	29.98 ± 2.06^c	31.23 ± 2.42^c	43.70 ± 3.14^b	54.93 ± 2.06^c
	100% (v/v)	36.25 ± 1.25^b	46.23 ± 1.23^b	47.48 ± 1.43^b	57.45 ± 3.20^b	66.18 ± 1.24^b

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for four replicates per group (n = 4). Statistical comparisons were made within a column, and values followed by the same superscripts along the column are not significantly different by one-way ANOVA () followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Actellic Super ™ = 50 g/90 kg of maize grains; solvents = 1 ml DCM/EtOAc.