Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems with SMES Series in the Rotor Side

Table 1

Cost comparison for the storage technologies.

ESD	Capacity	Life	Power cost ($/kW)	Energy cost ($/kWh)
Pumped-hydro storage	100–2000 MW	>20 years	2000–4300	10–100
Compressed-air energy storage	100–300 MW	>20 years	400–1000	2–50
Flywheel energy storage	5 kW–1.5 MW	>15 years	250–350	1000–10000
Lithium-ion batteries	1–1000 kW	3000 cycles	1000–3000	1000–3800
Supercapacitors	1–100 kW	>50000 cycles	100–300	300–2000
Superconducting magnetic energy storage	10–500 kW	>20 years	200–400	500–1000
Vanadium redox battery	<10 MW	10–30 years	600–1500	150–1000