| | Trait | Gene/QTL (chromosome) | Mapping population | Reference |
| | Disease | | | | | (i) Leaf rust resistance | Lr9 (6BL) | NILs | [248] | | Lr1 (5DL) | | [249] | | Lr24 (3DL) | | [250] | | Lr10 (1AS) | | [251] | | Lr28 (4AL) | | [252] | | Lr3 (6BL) | | [253] | | Lr35 (2B) | | [254] | | Lr47 (7A) | B | [255] | | LrTr (4BS) | | [256] | | Lr19 (7DL) | Deletion lines | [257] | | Lr39 (=Lr41)(2DS) | | [258] | | Lr37 (2AS) | NILs | [259] | | Lr20 (7AL) | | [260] | | Lr19 (7D) | | [261] | | Lr21/Lr40 (1DS) | | [88] | | Lr1 (5DL) | families | [262] | | Lr28 (-) | | [263] | | Lr34 (7D) | RILs | [264] | | Lr52 (LrW) (5B) | | [265] | | Lr16 (2BS) | DH | [50] | | Lr19 (7DL) | | [266] | | Lr24 (3DL) | | [266] | | Lr34 (7DS) | RILs | [267] | | Lr22a (2DS) | | [268] | | Lr1 (5DL) | RILs | [269] | | Unknown (5B) | lines | [270] | | QTL (7D, 1BS) | RILs | [271] | | QTL (2D, 2B) | | [272] | | QTL (7DS, linked to Lr34) | RILs | [273] | | | | | | (ii) Stripe rust resistance | Yr15 (1B) | | [274] | | YrH52 (1B) | | [275] | | Yrns-B1 (3BS) | lines | [276] | | Yr15 (1B) | lines | [277] | | Yr28 (4DS) | RILs | [273] | | Yr9 (1B/1R) | B | [278] | | Yr17 (2A) | NILs | [259] | | Yr26 (1BS) | lines | [279] | | Yr10 (1B) | lines | [280] | | Yr5 (2B) | B | [131] | | Yr18 (7D) | RILs | [264] | | Yr36 (6B) | RILs | [281] | | YrCH42 (1B) | | [282] | | YrZH84 (7BL) | , | [283] | | Yr34 (5AL) | DH | [284] | | Yr26 (1B) | lines | [285] | | QTL (2D, 5B, 2B, 2A) | RILs | [286] | | QTL (2AL, 2AS, 2BL, 6BL) | DH | [287] | | | | | | (iii) Stem rust resistance | Sr22 (7A) | F2 | [288] | | Sr38 (2AS) | NILs | [259] | | Sr2 (3BS) | lines | [289] | | | | | | (iv) Fusarium head blight
resistance | Fhb2 (6BS) | RILs | [290] | | QTL (5A, 3B, 1B) | DH | [37] | | QTL (3BS, 3A, 5B) | RILs | [291] | | QTL (3B) | Advanced lines | [292] | | QTL (3B, 6B, 2B) | RILs | [293, 294] | | QTL (6D, 4A, 5B) | RILs | [295] | | QTL (3A, 5A) | DH | [43] | | QTL (1B, 3B) | RILs | [30] | | QTL (2B) | RILs | [296] | | QTL (3B) | DH | [297] | | QTL (6AL, 1B, 2BL, 7BS) | RILs | [46] | | QTL (3A) | RICLs | [298] | | QTL (4D) | DH | [49] | | QTL (3BS, 5AS, 2DL) | RILs | [299] | | QTL (1BS, 1DS, 3B, 3DL, 5BL, 7BS,
7AL) | RILs | [300] | | QTL (7E) | RILs | [301] | | | | | | (v) Scab resistance | QTL (2AS, 2BL, 3BS) | RILs | [302] | | QTL (3BS) | lines | [303] | | | | | | (vi) Powdery mildew resistance | Pm2 (5DS) | | [304] | | Pm18 (5DS) | | [304] | | Pm12 (6B) | | [305] | | Pm21 (6AL) | BC lines | [306] | | Pm3g (1A) | DH | [307] | | Pm24 (1DS) | lines | [308] | | Pm26 (2BS) | RSI | [309] | | Pm6 (2BL) | NILs | [310] | | Pm27 (6B) | | [311] | | Pm8/Pm17 (1BL) | families | [312] | | Pm3 (1AS) | RILs | [313] | | Pm1 (7AL) | | [260] | | Pm29 (7D) | & lines | [314] | | Pm30 (5BS) | B lines | [315] | | Pm13 (3S) | AL | [316] | | Pm5e (7BL) | | [130] | | Pm4a (2A) | | [317] | | PmU (7AL) | | [318] | | Pm34 (5D) | lines | [319] | | PmY39 (2B) | B | [320] | | Pm35 (5DL) | lines | [321] | | Pm5d (7BL) | lines | [322] | | Pm12 (6B) | B | [323] | | MlRE, QTL
(6A, 5D) | lines | [324] | | MlG (6AL) | B | [325] | | mlRD30 (7AL) | | [326] | | Mlm2033, Mlm80 (7A) | | [181] | | QTL (5A, 7B, 3D) | RILs | [327] | | QTL (1B, 2A, 2B) | lines | [328] | | QTL (2B, 5D, 6A) | DH | [329] | | QTL (2B) | | [330] | | QTL (1BL, 2AL, 2BL) | RILs | [331] | | | | | | (vii) Common bunt resistance | Bt-10 (-) | | [332] | | QTL (1B, 7A) | DH | [333] | | (viii) Tan spot and Stagonospora
nodorum blotch resistance | QTL (1A, 4A, 1B, 3B) | RILs | [334] | | QTL (5B, 3B) | Inbred, CS lines | [335] | | tsn3a, tsn3b, tsn3c (3D) | lines | [336] | | (ix) Septoria tritici blotch
resistance | Stb5 (7D) | SCRI | [337] | | QTL (3A) | DH | [38] | | QTL (1D, 2D, 6B) | RILs | [338] | | (x) Barley yellow dwarf tolerance | QTL (12 chromosomes) | RILs | [339] | | (xi) Leaf and glume blotch
resistance | QTL (4B, 7B, 5A) | RILs | [340] | | (xii) Wheat streak mosaic virus
resistance | Wms1 (4D) | | [341] | | WSSMV (2DL) | RILs | [342] | | (xiii) Yellow mosaic virus
resistance | YmYF (2D) | | [343] | | (xiv) Eyespot (straw breaker foot rot) resistance | Pch2 (7AL) | | [344] | | Pch1 (7A) | lines | [345] | | Pch1, Ep-D1 (7D) | TC | [346] |
| | Insect-pest | | | | | (i) Green bug resistance | Gb3 (7D) | lines | [347] | | Gby (7A) | lines | [348] | | Gb7 (7DL) | RILs | [349] | | Gb (7DL) | lines, F2 | [350] | | | | | | (ii) Hessian fly resistance gene | H23 (6D) | | [351] | | H24 (3D) | | [351] | | H3, H6, H9, H10, H12, H16, H17 (5A) | NILs, | [352] | | H5, H11, H13, H14 (1A) | NILs, | [353] | | H21 (2B) | NILs, | [354] | | H6 (-) | | [355] | | H13 (6DS) | | [356] | | H26, H13 (3D, 6D) | lines | [357] | | H22 (1D) | lines | [358] | | H16 and H17 (1AS) | B , lines | [359] | | | | | | (iii) Russian wheat aphid
resistance | Dn8, Dn9 (7DS,
1DL) | | [360] | | Dn1, Dn2, Dn5, Dn8 | | [360] | | Dnx (7DS) | | | | Dn2 (7DS) | | [361] | | Dn4 (1D) | | [362] | | Dn6 (7D) | | [362] |
| | Nematodes | | | | | (i) Cereal cyst nematode
resistance | Cre1 (2B) | NILs, | [363] | | Cre5 (2AS) | NILs | [364] | | Cre6 (5A) | | [365] | | QTL (1B) | DH | [48] | | (ii) Root-knot nematode
resistance | Rkn-mn1 (3BL) | B , lines | [366] | | (iii) Root-lesion nematode
resistance | Rlnn1 (7AL) | DH | [367] |
| | Quality and quality related traits | | | | | (i) Seed dormancy or preharvest
sprouting | QTL (4A) | DH | [368] | | QTL (4A) | RILs, DH | [369] | | QTL (3A) | B | [370] | | QTL (3A) | RILs | [371] | | QTL (3A) | RILs | [372] | | QTL (4A) | DH | [373] | | | | | | (ii) Grain protein content | QTL (6B) | RILs | [374] | | QTL (2A, 3A, 4D, 7D,
2B, 5B, 7A) | RILs | [39] | | QTL (2A, 2B,
2D, 3D, 4A, 6B, 7A, 7D) | RILs | [375] | | QTL (2AS, 6AS, 7BL) | BILs | [376] | | | | | | (iii) Others | | | | | Flour colour | QTL (3A, 7A) | RILs | [377] | | Milling yield | QTL (3A, 7D) | RILs | [378] | | Bread-making quality | QTL (5DS, 1B, 6A, 3B, 1A) | DH | [379] | | Milling traits | QTL (7A, 6B) | RILs | [35] | | Grain dry matter and N
accumulation, protein composition | QTL (1A, 2B, 3A, 6A, 5A, 7A, 7D) | RILs | [380] | | Mixograph-extensibility | QTL (5A) | DH | [381] | | Kernel hardness and dough
strength | QTL (1A, 5D, 1B, 1D, 5B) | Inbred lines | [382] | | Purple grain colour | Pp1, Pp3b, Pp3a (2A, 7BL) | | [383] | | Quality traits | QTL (5DS, 6DS, 2DS, 1AS, 1BS,
6DS) | RILs | [384] | | Low-molecular-weight glutenin | LMW-GS (-) | lines | [385] | | Bread-making quality | QTL (3A, 7A) | RILs | [40] | | Milling and baking quality | QTL (4B, 6D) | B | [230] | | Endosperm colour | QTL, Psy1-1 (2A, 4B, 6B,
7B) | DH | [386] |
| | Agronomic traits | | | | | (i) Plant height | Rht-B1, Rht-D1 (4BS, 4DS) | DH | [387] | | Rht8 (2D) | RILs | [388] | | Rht8 (2DS) | DH, Inbred lines | [389] | | (ii) Tiller inhibition gene | tin3 (3A) | | [390] | | (iii) Spherical grain and compact
spikes | s16219, C17648 B1 (3B, 5A) | | [391] | | (iv) Ear-emergence time and plant
height | QTL (5A) | RILs | [392] | | | | | | (v) Heading date | QTL (2BS) | DH | [393] | | QTL, Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1 (2B, 2D, 5A, 2B) | RILs | [394] | | QTL (2DS) | RILs | [395] | | QTL (2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 4A,
4B) | RILs | [396] | | | | | | (vi) Grain yield and related
traits | QTL (5A) | RILs | [397] | | QTL (2D, 3B, 3D, 5D, 7D) | B lines | [398] | | QTL (1D, 2A, 6B, 7D) | RILs | [51] | | QTL (7AL, 7BL, 1D, 5A) | DH | [45] | | QTL (4AL) | RILs | [399] | | QTL (1B, 4D, 7D) | DH | [400] | | (vii) Spike-related traits | QTL (7D) | | [401] | | | | | | (viii) Grain weight | QTL (1A, 2B, 7A) | RILs | [402] | | (ix) Others | QTL (4A, 4B, 4D, 7D, 3B, 3D) | DH | [171] | | QTL (1D, 4D) | DH | [47] |
| | Growth related traits | | | | | (i) Spike morphology, awn
development, vernalization | B, Q, VRN1 (5A) | RILs | [403] | | (ii) Supernumerary spikelet | bh (2D, 4A,
4B, 5A) | lines | [404] | | (iii) Sphaerococcum- like growth
habit | S1, S2, S3 (3D, 3B, 3A) | | [405] | | (iv) Thermosensitive earliness | Eps-Am1 (1AL) | | [406] | | (v) Coleoptiles pigmentation | Rc-A1, Rc-B1,
Rc-D1 (7A, 7B,
7D, 4BL) | RILs | [407] | | (vi) Thermosensitive genic male-sterile | wtms1 (2B) | | [408] | | (vii) Hybrid necrosis | Ne1, Ne2 (5BL, 2BS) | | [409] | | (viii) Leaf pubescence and hairy
leaf | Hl1, Hl2, Aesp, QTL
(4BL, 7BS) | | [410] | | (ix) Stem solidness | sst (3BL) | DH | [411] | | (x) Lodging resistance | QTL (1BS, 2AS, 2D, 3AS, 4AS, 5AL,
5BL, 6BL, 7BL) | RILs | [412] | | (xi) Stem strength and related
traits | QTL (3A, 3B, 1A, 2D) | DH | [413] | | (xii) Brittle rachis | QTL (3A, 3B) | RICLs | [414] | | (xiii) Coleoptiles growth | QTL (2B, 2D, 4A, 5D, 6B) | DH | [415] | | (xiv) Kernel shattering | QTL (2B, 3B, 7A) | RILs | [416] | | (xv) Seed development | QTL (1D, 4B) | DH | [9] | | (xvi) Longer coleoptiles | QTL (6A) | RILs | [29] | | (xvii) Viridescent phenotype | QTL (2B) | DH | [52] |
| | Biochemical | | | | | (i) Casein kinase | CK2α (5A) | | [417] | | (ii) Nonglaucousness | Iw3672 (2DS) | | [418] | | (iii) Low lipoxygenase | Lpx-B1.1, Lpx-A3 (4B, 4A) | RILs | [419] | | (iv) Polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
genes | PPO (2A, 2D) | DH | [420] | | (v) ABA signaling genes | QTL (3A, 5A) | RILs | [421] | | (vi) Polyphenol oxidase | QTL (2A) | DH | [422] | | (vii) Water-soluble carbohydrates | QTL (21 chromosome) | DH | [423] |
| | Abiotic stress | | | | | (i) Photoperiod insensitive | Ppd-B1 (2BS) | RILs, DH | [424] | | (ii) Aluminum tolerance | ALMT1 (4D) | DH | [425] | | QTL (4D, 3BL) | RIL | [426] | | (iii) Boron toxicity tolerance | QTL (Bo1) (7BL) | DH | [427] | | (iv) Frost resistance | QTL (5B) | RSI | [428] | | (v) Salt tolerance | QTL (3A, 3B, 4DL, 6DL) | RILs | [429] |
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