Attention Deficit Predicts Intellectual Functioning in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Table 2
Attention profile and intellectual profile of patients with NF1ADHD, NF1control, and ADHDcontrol.
Corrected means (standard error)
NF1ADHD (A)
NF1control (B)
ADHDcontrol (C)
(all groups)a
(all groups)
2
Post-hoc comparisonsb
WISC-IV (standard score)
Full-scale IQ
89.39 (1.40)
101.14 (1.98)
95.12 (1.88)
12.031
103.06
<0.001
0.185
A<B; A<C
WISC-IV subscales (standard scores)
Verbal comprehension
95.58 (1.42)
103.77 (2.02)
99.03 (1.91)
5.498
106.80
0.005
0.094
A<B
Perceptual reasoning
91.93 (1.61)
100.93 (2.29)
95.12 (2.17)
5.094
137.36
0.008
0.088
A<B
Working memory
87.62 (1.58)
97.37 (2.24)
95.03 (2.12)
7.858
131.03
0.001
0.129
A<B, A<C
Processing speed
91.33 (1.76)
101.85 (2.50)
95.09 (2.37)
5.842
163.78
0.004
0.099
A<B
T.O.V.A. (standard scores)
Variability
84.57 (2.54)
92.34 (3.65)
81.17 (3.62)
2.610
309.25
0.078
0.047
—
Response time
91.44 (2.56)
93.92 (3.68)
84.47 (3.29)
2.166
315.23
0.120
0.040
—
Commission errors
95.43 (2.60)
98.92 (3.74)
95.61 (3.35)
0.296
325.44
0.745
0.006
—
Omission errors
72.26 (3.28)
83.06 (4.71)
81.57 (4.21)
2.252
516.10
0.110
0.041
—
Conners 3® (T-scores)c
Inattention
65.23 (0.87)
54.02 (1.29)
68.62 (1.09)
37.877
34.87
<0.001
0.429
A<B; C<B
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
59.56 (1.32)
48.80 (1.94)
61.41 (1.65)
13.146
79.06
<0.001
0.207
A<B; C<B
BRIEF® (T-scores)d
GEC score
61.83 (1.92)
47.80 (2.48)
64.86 (1.79)
15.382
93.30
<0.001
0.999
A<B; C<B
Behavioral regulation index
57.08 (2.30)
47.87 (2.97)
60.87 (2.16)
6.117
133.85
0.004
0.876
C<B
Metacognition index
64.28 (1.96)
48.22 (2.53)
66.82 (1.84)
17.843
97.06
<0.001
1.000
A<B; C<B
Note: aFull-scale IQ was analysed with an univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), all other data was analyzed with multivariate analyses of covariance(MANCOVAs); b< = “worse than”, even if the score is higher in numbers; ;;;c For the Conners 3®, data of to 4 patients was missing;d For the BRIEF®, data of 33 patients were missing (included were 29 NF1ADHD, 19 NF1control, and 30 ADHDcontrol patients).
