Current Cigarette Smoking and Its Predictors among School-Going Adolescents in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Associated factors of current cigarette smoking among school adolescents in East Africa.

Sr. No.	Sociodemographic related factors	Associated factors
1	Sex of students	Male had higher odds of smoking compared to female
2	Age of students	Higher age was found to be a significant predictor of smoking
3	Peer influence	Having peer friends who smoke cigarette was found to be a significant predictor of smoking
4	Perception of risk of smoking	Harmful perception about risk of smoking was negatively associated with smoking cigarette
5	Family’s substance use	History of substance use among family was positive associated factor with cigarette smoking of adolescent
6	Sibling’s substance use	Sibling’s substance use was a significant predictor of substance use
7	Owning an item with a cigarette brand log	Current cigarette smokers were more likely to have an item with a cigarette logo compared to cigarette nonsmokers, OR 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1-3.5).
8	Exposure to movie with actors smoking	Adolescents who were exposed to movies whose actors are smokers were seen 2.8 times more likely to use tobacco (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.703–11.116)
9	Exposure to antismoking media message	Adolescents who were not exposed to antismoking media messages on television, radio, newspaper or magazines were seen more likely to use tobacco than those who were exposed (AOR = 4.43, 95% CI 1.838–7.13)