Infectious and Noninfectious Acute Pericarditis in Children: An 11-Year Experience

Table 4

Pericardial fluid analysis in children with acute pericarditis due to noninfectious causes.

Etiology	Fluid appearance	RBC/mm^3	WBC/mm^3 (Differential)	LDH (mg/dl) (fluid/serum)	Protein (gm/l) (fluid/serum)	Glucose (mg/dl)
SLE	Cloudy/bloody	170,000	3125 (N87, L 3%)	1628/NA	7.2/8.5	61
SLE	Turbid/bloody	66,750	1500 (N97%, L 2%)	564/NA	6.1/NA	46
SLE	Clear/yellow	202	143 (N92%)	114/NA	5.2/NA	93
JIA	Cloudy/bloody	40,250	245 (N27, L70%)	231/134	5.8	NA
Undetermined inflammatory	Cloudy/amber	4,950	4410 (N 57%, L 9%)	454/200	6.4	94
ALL: unknown etiology	Clear/yellow	106	12 (N17, L 66%)	NA	4.9/5.4	87
Mediastinal large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Cloudy/yellow	750	4375 (N2%, L 97%)	2618/782	5.5	NA
Epicardial juvenile xanthogranuloma	Turbid/bloody	241,500	2 (N 46%, L 15%)	269/215	3.7/4.7	72
MAS	Bloody	4,000,000	4 (L 89%)	930/NA	4.9	NA
Unknown	Cloudy/bloody	21,732	12 (L 80%)	107	3.7	77
Unknown	Cloudy/yellow	261	765 (N 63%, L 37%)	204/137	5.6/7.6	93
Unknown	Cloudy/straw	657	38 (N50, L 13%)	101	< 2/3.9	166
Cardiomyopathy	Yellow	220	37 (N 49%, L 5%)	184	<2	58

N: Neutrophil. L: lymphocyte. NA: not available. JIA: juvenile idipathic arthritis. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
17-yr-old boy with sickle cell disease, antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive.
9-yr-old boy; cultures negative. EBV and CMV PCR negative. Had concurrent sinusitis treated with azithromycin: improved.
17-yr-old boy with mediastinal mass obstructing the superior vena cava and large pericardial effusion; had pericardiocentesis and given chemotherapy.
2-mo-old girl (ex 33 week gestational age); congenital hypothyroidism; diagnosed with large pericardial effusion and tamponade; echocardiogram and MRI revealed a mass; had pericardiocentesis and excision of the mass.
20 mo old boy with macrophage activation syndrome. Had heptosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, possible mitochondrial disorder; died
15-yr-old girl with massive pericardial effusion with impending tamponade, diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Underwent cardiac catheterization and balloon pericardiotomy.
14-yr-old girl; cultures negative, enterovirus and Adenovirus PCR negative, ANA negative, and normal complements.
6-day-old preterm (24wk gestational age) baby girl with large pericardial effusion: treated for bacterial sepsis with negative cultures, enterovirus PCR negative. Bacterial and mycobactrial cultures negative. ANA negative.
Newborn preterm (30wk gestational age) baby girl with large pericardial effusion and tamponade; diagnosed with cardiomyopathy; died.