Laser radiation has been used since the 1960s for the treatment of musculoskeletal inflammatory diseases and tissue repair. In recent years, treatments using superpulsed Class 3B and Class IV lasers have been gaining the attention of doctors and health professionals, aiming to treat a wide variety of diseases including neurological, joint, tendon, and muscle conditions, as well as in the practice of physical activity. The absence of adverse effects and the good results already available from the scientific literature, place therapy using lasers on an equal footing with numerous medications. However, these treatments have the great advantage of almost no adverse effects.

A significant body of evidence already exists demonstrating the effectiveness of laser therapy in a number of diseases. However, good quality clinical studies are still needed in several areas, as well as experimental studies to determine the possible mechanisms of action of lasers in different pathologies. It is believed that the action of low-power lasers on tissues is related to the possibility of inhibiting the appearance of chemotactic factors in the early stages of inflammation, of interfering with the effect of chemical mediators induced by inflammation, and of inhibiting the synthesis of biochemical markers. Recently, there has been an increase in experimental and clinical studies looking at the application of low-power laser in different situations, including research attesting to the effectiveness of low-power laser therapy in humans for the treatment of cervicalgias of different origins and characterising the effect of low-power laser therapy on inflammatory reactions in several situations.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to gather research contributing to the knowledge and dissemination of laser photobiomodulation and laser radiation therapy to health professionals and doctors, bringing efficient alternatives for the treatment of numerous diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Photobiomodulation (PBM) and sports activities
• PBM in neurological disorders
• PBM in musculoskeletal diseases
• Systemic PBM / intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI)
• PBM in chronic or immunological diseases