Dynamic Performance Improvement Using Model Reference Adaptive Control of Photovoltaic Systems under Fast-Changing Atmospheric Conditions

Table 4

Dynamic quantitative comparative analysis of the different MPPT control algorithms.

Criteria for evaluation	P&O [23]	INC [27]	VSINC [39]	PSO [48]	GWO [49]	MRAC
Response time under normal test conditions	0.05 s	0.02 s	0.03 s	0.1 s	0.04 s	0.01 s
Response time under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions	0.04 s	0.01 s	0.02 s	0.09 s	0.03 s	0.009 s
Maximum PV voltage	17.76 V	17.37 V	17.65 V	17.52 V	16.87 V	17.58 V
Maximum PV current	07.33 A	07.48 A	07.38 A	07.43 A	07.451 A	07.41 A
Maximum PV power	130.3 W	130 W	130.3 W	130.3 W	130.3 W	130.3 W
Efficiency (%)	99.09	98.69	99.71	99.54	98.97	99.88