A Review of the Technological Advances in the Design of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Figure 15

Spin coating preparation for a self-supporting ultrathin film. Conventional downward crystallization by an antisolvent dripping in 3D perovskite (a) and direct spin-coating in 2D perovskite (b) and upward crystallization by the intermittent spin-coating method in 2D perovskite (c) [216].

(a)

(b)

(c)