Sinonasal Tissue Remodelling during Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Figure 4

Staphylococcus aureus influences tissue remodelling in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. S. aureus drives inflammation via the production of endotoxins that act as superantigens to generate a T- and B-cell-mediated cascade. Moreover, through TGF-β and MMP-9 and MMP-2, the extracellular matrix may be laid down inducing remodelling. TGF-β1 = transforming growth factor-β1 and MMP 2,9 = metalloproteinases 2,9.