Acute kidney injury is an important clinical condition particularly in the intensive care unit. It develops in as many as two-thirds of critically ill patients during the course of their illness and constitutes a significant independent risk factor for death. About 5 % of patients admitted to an ICU will eventually require renal replacement therapy. In these patients, in-hospital mortality is extremely high, exceeding 50%. The adequate delivery of acute renal replacement therapy is a key aspect in the treatment of these patients and a prerequisite for a successful outcome.

The main focus of this Special Issue will be on clinical and technical aspects of acute renal replacement therapies. It will serve as an international forum for researchers to summarize the most recent developments and ideas in the field, with a special emphasis given to the technical and observational results obtained within the last three to five years. Papers (original articles and reviews) covering aspects related to the following topics will be considered for inclusion. Main topics include, but are not limited to:

• Indications, beginning and ending of acute RRT
• Initial choice of treatment: intermittent versus continuous versus extended daily dialysis
• Specific technical aspects: convective versus diffusive therapy
• Membranes and Materials
• Kinetics of uremic toxins/markers during acute RRT/AKI
• Dose/intensity of acute RRT
• RRT in sepsis/multiorgan failure
• Acute peritoneal dialysis: access, dose, regimens, solutions, and indications
• Acute RRT in children
• Acute RRT in the elderly
• Anticoagulation
• Vascular access
• Drug dosing during acute RRT
• Nutritional support
• Volume balance and cardiovascular stability
• Treatment practice and epidemiology of acute RRT
• Extracorporeal therapies for nonrenal indications: sepsis, liver failure, and poisoning
• RRT in patients with crush syndrome/ in disaster conditions
• Economic implications

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijn/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: