Long-Term Prognosis of Hyperferritinemia Induced by Intravenous Iron Therapy in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 10-Year, Single-Center Study

Table 1

Baseline data of all patients based on serum ferritin levels in 2008.

	All the patients (n = 44)	Ferritin <300 ng/mL (n = 15)	300 ng/mL ≤ ferritin < 1000 ng/mL (n = 19)	Ferritin ≥1000 ng/mL (n = 10)	value for all
Serum ferritin
Female	21 (48%)	8 (53%)	7 (37%)	6 (60%)
Male	23 (52%)	7 (47%)	12 (63%)	4 (40%)
Serum ferritin (ng/ml)	572 (184, 942)	122 (24, 203)	596 (554, 797)	1340 (1160, 1770)	—
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)	64 ± 14	64 ± 16	66 ± 15	61 ± 11	0.7
Dialysis vintage (years)	4 (2, 11)	1 (1, 10)	3 (2, 17)	8 (4, 19)	0.05^∗
BMI (kg/m^2)	21 ± 4	23 ± 5	20 ± 2	19 ± 3	0.02^∗
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	139 ± 16	143 ± 13	134 ± 17	144 ± 16	0.2
Complications at the baseline (n, %)
Diabetes mellitus	18 (41%)	8 (53%)	7 (37%)	3 (30%)	0.5
Cardiovascular disease	10 (23%)	0 (0%)^†	6 (32%)	4 (40%)^†	0.01^∗
Secondaryhyperparathyroidism	18 (41%)	6 (40%)	6 (32%)	6 (60%)	0.4
Dialysis amyloidosis	3 (7%)	0 (0%)	1 (5%)	2 (20%)	0.2
HCV or HB	6 (14%)	3 (20%)	2 (11%)	1 (10%)	0.7
Dialysis conditions
Kt/V	1.5 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3^‡	1.5 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.3^‡	0.02^∗
nPCR (g/kg/day)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.2^§	0.9 ± 0.1^¶	1.0 ± 0.1^§¶	0.005^∗
Membrane area of dialyzer (m^2)	1.7 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.2	0.4
Blood flow rate (ml/min)	206 ± 23	194 ± 22††	208 ± 20	221 ± 22^††	0.01^∗
Dialysis time (hours)	3.8 ± 0.4	3.7 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.3	0.3
Laboratory data
Hb (g/dl)	11.1 ± 1.3	11.4 ± 1.8	10.8 ± 0.9	11.3 ± 1.0	0.4
Fe (μmol/l)	73 (48, 114)	57 (45, 75)^‡‡	73.0 (51, 155)	112.5 (81, 133)^‡‡	0.02^∗
TSAT (%)	36 (24, 57)	25 (16, 35)^§§	36 (24, 63)	57 (45, 77)^§§	0.001^∗
Cr (mg/dl)	9.8 ± 2.6	9.1 ± 2.9	10.1 ± 2.4	10.2 ± 2.7	0.5
BUN (mg/dl)	64 ± 12	63 ± 13	62 ± 10	72 ± 11	0.07
Ca (mg/dl)	8.9 ± 0.7	8.6 ± 0.7^¶¶	8.8 ± 0.6	9.4 ± 0.6^¶¶	0.03^∗
IP (mg/dl)	5.0 ± 0.9	5.1 ± 0.7	5.1 ± 1.0	4.7 ± 1.0	0.4
K (mEq/L)	4.6 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.6	4.5 ± 0.6	4.8 ± 0.6	0.6
Alb (g/dl)	3.7 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.7 ± 0.2	3.8 ± 0.2	0.09
T.chol (mg/dl)	161 ± 30	168 ± 26	161 ± 36	151 ± 24	0.4
CRP (mg/dl)	0.1 (0.0, 0.3)	0.1 (0.0, 0.3)	0.1 (0.0, 0.4)	0.1 (0.1, 0.2)	0.9
β2MG (mg/L)	27 ± 7	26 ± 8	27 ± 6	30 ± 6	0.4
Intact PTH (pg/ml)	112 (59, 214)	165 (75, 230)	110 (58, 210)	90 (48, 170)	0.5
Medication at start (n, %)
ACEI and/or ARB	19 (43%)	5 (33%)	8 (42%)	6 (60%)	0.4
Intravenous iron administration	7 (16%)	3 (20%)	4 (21%)	0 (0%)	0.4
rHuEPO	38 (86%)	10 (67%)	18 (95%)	10 (100%)	0.03^∗
Dose, IU/week at baseline	3341 ± 2402	2950 ± 2813	3513 ± 2476	3600 ± 1613	0.7
Total dose (IU) in 10 years	1676182 ± 1151833	1465167 ± 1029122	1935961 ± 1242785	1499125 ± 1162216	0.4

BMI, body mass index; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HB, hepatitis B virus; Kt/V, clearance × time/volume; nPCR, normalized protein catabolism rate; Hb, hemoglobin; TSAT, transferrin saturation; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, calcium; IP, inorganic phosphorus; K, potassium; Alb, albumin; T.chol, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein, β2MG, β2-macroglobulin, PTH, parathyroid hormone; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; rHuEPO, recombinant human erythropoietin. Data are presented as n(%), mean ± standard deviation, and median (interquartile range); multiplicity of comparisons among groups was accounted by Bonferroni correction. . †, ‡, §, ¶, ††, ‡‡, §§, and ¶¶: significant differences observed by n comparison between two groups.