Review Article
Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept
Table 2
Recent examples of clinical trials with bacteria mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) since 2002.
| Species | Year | Cohort | Result | References |
| S. Typhimurium (VNP20009) | 2002 | 24 patients with metastatic melanoma; 1 patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Induction of immune response, tumor colonization in 3 cases, no antitumor response | [53] | S. Typhimurium (TAPET-CD) | 2003 | 3 patients with advanced and metastatic solid tumors | 66% tumor colonization, measurable activity of cytosine deaminase in tumor | [107] | C. novyi-NT | 2014 | 1 patient with advanced leiomyosarcoma | Tumor reduction within and surrounding the bone | [34] | C. novyi-NT | Active | Patients with solid tumors that do not respond to standard therapy | Recruitment (NCT01924689) | — | L. monocytogenes (ANZ-100 and CRS-207) | 2011 | 26 patients with solid tumors (liver, pancreas, lung, or ovary) | Safe vaccines that resulted in immune activation | [64] | L. monocytogenes (CRS-207) | Active | 90 patients with pancreatic cancer | Extended survival with minimal toxicity | [136] |
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C. = Clostridium; L. = Listeria; S. = Salmonella.
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