Therapeutic Benefit in Rheumatoid Cachexia Illustrated Using a Novel Primary Human Triple Cell Coculture Model

Figure 9

Cellular responses after treatment with BMP-7 expressed as percentage of response in placebo condition, as assessed in triple culture supernatant of a fibroblast, myoblast, and M1 macrophage mixed culture exposed to serum of healthy (NC), RA treatment naïve (RATN), and RA treatment-nonresponding (RATNR) patients. (a) TNF-α; (b) IL-6; (c) HGF; (d) follistatin; (e) myostatin; (f) TGFβ; (g) decorin; (h) fibronectin; (i) collagen IV. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA (parametric: a–e, g–i) or Kruskal–Wallis test (nonparametric: f). ; ; . n = 6 per group. Data represented as mean ± SD. TNF-α = tumour necrosis factor-α; IL = interleukin; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; TGFβ = transforming growth factor-β; BMP-7 = bone morphogenetic protein 7.

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