Predictors of Nonadherence to Medications among Hypertensive Patients in Ghana: An Application of the Health Belief Model
Table 5
Association of constructs of HBM with respondent’s medication nonadherence.
Parameter
Noncompliance status
χ 2-value (-value)
aOR (95% CI)
-value
Compliant
Noncompliant
Total
Total
145 (36.3%)
254 (63.7%)
399 (100.0%)
Susceptibility
38.886 (0.001)
Low
103 (71.0%)
98 (38.6%)
201 (50.4%)
Reference
High
42 (29.0%)
156 (61.4%)
198 (49.6%)
3.889 (2.254–6.710)
0.001
Severity
50.552 (0.001)
Low
117 (80.7%)
112 (44.1%)
229 (57.4%)
Reference
High
28 (19.3%)
142 (55.9%)
170 (42.6%)
4.884 (2.753–8.663)
0.001
Barriers
8.982 (0.003)
Low
66 (45.5%)
155 (61.0%)
221 (55.4%)
Reference
High
79 (54.5%)
99 (39.0%)
178 (44.6%)
0.275 (0.149–0.506)
0.001
Cues to action
13.971 (0.001)
Low
54 (37.2%)
144 (56.7%)
198 (49.6%)
Reference
High
91 (62.8%)
110 (43.3%)
201 (50.4%)
0.363 (0.215–0.612)
0.001
Self-efficacy
3.345 (0.069)
Low
46 (31.7%)
104 (40.9%)
150 (37.6%)
High
99 (68.3%)
150 (59.1%)
249 (62.4%)
Benefit
9.539 (0.003)
Low
112 (77.2%)
158 (62.2%)
270 (67.7%)
Reference
High
33 (22.8%)
96 (37.8%)
129 (32.3%)
0.687 (0.353–1.337)
0.269
Data are presented as frequency and percentage in parenthesis, f (%). SD: standard deviation, NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme, aOR: adjusted odds ratio, χ2-value: Chi-square value, and CI: confidence interval. -value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.
