Predictors of Nonadherence to Medications among Hypertensive Patients in Ghana: An Application of the Health Belief Model
Table 4
Association between sociodemographic characteristics and respondents’ medication nonadherence.
Parameter
Noncompliance status
χ 2-value (-value)/t-statistic (-value)
aOR (95% CI)
-value
Compliant
Noncompliant
Total
Total
145 (36.3%)
254 (63.7%)
399 (100.0%)
Age (mean ± SD)
54.18 ± 12.35
51.84 ± 9.06
52.69 ± 10.42
1.993 (0.047)
0.972 (0.952–0.992)
0.007
Gender
0.333 (0.603)
Male
74 (51.0%)
122 (48.0%)
196 (49.1%)
Female
71 (49.0%)
132 (52.0%)
203 (50.9%)
Level of education
4.179 (0.041)
Up to basic level
51 (30.5%)
116 (69.5%)
167 (41.9%)
1
Secondary/tertiary
94 (40.5%)
138 (59.5%)
232 (58.1%)
0.559 (0.360–0.867)
0.009
Any other illness
None
74 (51.0%)
153 (60.2%)
227 (56.9%)
3.874 (0.275)
Diabetes
57 (39.3%)
76 (29.9%)
133 (33.3%)
Renal failure
5 (3.4%)
8 (3.1%)
13 (3.3%)
Heart failure
9 (6.2%)
17 (6.7%)
26 (6.5%)
Type of health insurance cover
None
5 (3.5%)
21 (8.3%)
26 (6.5%)
3.496 (0.174)
NHIS
122 (84.7%)
206 (81.1%)
328 (82.4%)
Private
17 (11.8%)
27 (10.6%)
44 (11.1%)
Medication currently taken
Antihypertensive medication
104 (71.7%)
192 (75.6%)
296 (74.2%)
0.721 (0.407)
Antidiabetic and hypertensive medication
41 (28.3%)
62 (24.4%)
103 (25.8%)
Data are presented as frequency and percentage in parenthesis, f (%). SD: standard deviation, NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme, aOR: adjusted odds ratio, χ2-value: chi-square value, and CI: confidence interval. -Value < 0.05 is considered significant.
