Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Hypertension in Greater Beirut Area, Lebanon

Table 4

The association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, dietary intake, and medical history and laboratory tests with unaware hypertensive.

Variables			Normotensive	Unaware HTN	P-value
N = 254			N = 191	N = 63
			(75.2)	(24.8)
Demographics	Age	Mean (± sd)	40.2 ± 12.8	47.6 ± 16.6	0.002
	Age	≤ 30	51 (26.7%)	16 (25.4%)	0.002
		31-40	42 (22.0%)	5 (7.9%)
		41-50	57 (29.8%)	8 (12.7%)
		51-60	34 (17.8%)	20 (31.7%)
		≥ 60	7 (3.7%)	14 (22.2%)
	Gender	Males	48 (25.1%)	34 (54.0%)	<0.0001
		Females	143 (74.9%)	29 (46.0%)
	Marital Status	Married	138 (72.3%)	32 (50.8%)	0.002
		Single	39 (20.4%)	18 (28.6%)
		Others	14 (7.3%)	13 (20.6%)
Socioeconomic	Income Level	<600 $	44 (25.3%)	25 (44.6%)	0.03
		600-999.9$	64 (36.8%)	16 (28.6%)
		1000-2000$	48 (27.6%)	9 (16.1%)
		>2000$	18 (10.3%)	6 (10.7%)
	Education Level	No school/Primary	50 (26.6%)	23 (36.5%)	0.33
		Intermediate/Secondary/Technical	114 (60.6%)	33 (52.4%)
		University degree	24 (12.8%)	7 (11.1%)
Lifestyle habits	Cigarette smoking	Never	90 (47.1%)	28 (44.4%)	0.025
		Current	89 (46.6%)	24 (38.1%)
		Ex-smoker	12 (6.3%)	11 (17.5%)
	Narghileh Smoking	Never	108 (56.5%)	37 (58.7%)	0.63
		Current	62 (32.5%)	17 (27.0%)
		Ex-smoker	21 (11.0%)	9 (14.3%)
	Coffee drinking	No	41 (21.5%)	12 (19.0%)	0.68
		Yes	150 (78.5%)	51 (81.0%)
	Alcohol drinking	Never	151 (79.1%)	45 (71.4%)	0.41
		Current	31 (16.2%)	13 (20.6%)
		Ex-drinker	9 (4.7%)	5 (7.9%)
	Physical Activity	None	27 (14.1%)	9 (14.3%)	0.97
		Yes	164 (85.9%)	54 (85.7%)
Anthropometric Measurements	BMI	Normal	66 (34.6%)	10 (15.9%)	<0.0001
		Overweight	79 (41.4%)	16 (25.4%)
		Obese	44 (23.0%)	37 (58.7%)
	Waist Circumference- Abdominal Obesity	No	107 (56.3%)	23 (36.5%)	0.005
		Yes	83 (43.7%)	40 (63.5%)
	Waist to hip ratio- Abdominal Obesity	No	37 (19.6%)	13 (21.0%)	0.82
		Yes	152 (80.4%)	49 (79.0 %)
	Body Fat	Mean (± sd)	24.9 ± 9.7	32.9 ± 12.3	0.001
Dietary intake	Total Energy -Kcal	Mean (± sd)	3134.0 ± 1532.3	3268.6 ± 1487.6	0.55
	Total Protein (g/d)	Mean (± sd)	104.7 ± 71.2	107.7 ± 55.8	0.76
	Carbohydrates	Mean (± sd)	372.5 ± 174.1	396.9 ± 175.2	0.34
	Total Fat	Mean (± sd)	137.4 ± 76.5	139.7 ± 70.62	0.84
	Saturated Fat	Mean (± sd)	36.7 ± 22.4	37.7 ± 20.4	0.76
	of calories from carbs	Mean (± sd)	48.8 ± 8.7	48.9 ± 7.6	0.88
	of calories from proteins	Mean (± sd)	13.2 ± 3.9	13.3 ± 2.9	0.73
	of calories from fat	Mean (± sd)	38.9 ± 7.9	38.3 ± 7.4	0.56
	of calories from saturated fat	Mean (± sd)	10.2 ± 2.7	10.3 ± 3.0	0.72
Medical History	CAD	Cardiac catheter	10 (5.2%)	2 (3.2%)	0.73
		Previous heart attack	7 (3.7%)	2 (3.2%)	1.00
		Family history	70 (36.6%)	24 (38.1%)	0.83
	T2D		9 (4.7%)	6 (9.5%)	0.21
Lab tests	Glucose	Mean (± sd)	100.3 ± 28.1	112.1 ± 34.5	0.01
	HbA1c	Mean (± sd)	5.5 ± 0.8	5.9 ± 1.3	0.01
	CRP	Mean (± sd)	10.1 ± 7.1	13.9 ± 9.8	0.006
	Cholesterol	Mean (± sd)	182.2 ± 37.5	198.4 ± 53.1	0.008
	TG	Mean (± sd)	118.7 ± 68.8	153.8 ± 87.2	0.001
	HDL	Mean (± sd)	50.8 ± 14.8	47.7 ± 13.1	0.13
	LDL	Mean (± sd)	107.0 ± 32.8	125.5 ± 49.0	0.028
	Sodium urine	Mean (± sd)	126.2 ± 47.9	125.5 ± 49.0	0.92
	Potassium urine	Mean (± sd)	79.3 ± 34.8	76.3 ± 35.6	0.54
	GFR	Mean (± sd)	104.9 ± 22.8	95.8 ± 21.1	0.006