Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Serum Lipids in Scottish Men with Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia

Table 3

ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids at baseline and at 5 weeks and change from the baseline.

Fatty acid	Placebo (𝑛=20)			DHA (𝑛=14)
	Baseline	5 Weeks	Change (5-weeks-baseline)	Baseline	5 Weeks	Change (5-weeks-baseline)
EPA (C20:5) (%)	1.50 ± 1.13	1.53 ± 0.79	0.04 ± 1.09	1.24 ± 1.30	1.65 ± 1.20	0.41 ± 1.13
DHA (C22:6) (%)	1.58 ± 0.64	1.47 ± 0.64	−0.11 ± 0.78	1.04 ± 0.47	3.40 ± 0.90***	2.36 ± 0.79^†††
PUFAs ω-3 series (%)	3.08 ± 1.54	3.00 ± 1.14	−0.07 ± 1.41	2.28 ± 1.61	5.05 ± 1.86**	2.77 ± 1.64^†††
PUFAs ω-6 series (%)	16.0 ± 5.8	19.3 ± 5.1**	3.38 ± 4.45	17.1 ± 7.0	18.3 ± 4.3	1.29 ± 5.64
ω-3/ω-6 Ratio	0.24 ± 0.18	0.17 ± 0.09*	−0.07 ± 0.14	0.15 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.18**	0.15 ± 0.14^†††

EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA: docosahexaenoic acid, PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids.
PUFAs ω-3 series: EPA + DHA; PUFAs ω-6 series: arachidonic acid + linoleic acid.
Placebo: Olive oil-containing bread rolls, DHA: DHA-containing bread rolls. Values are presented as mean ± SD.
* 𝑃<.05, **𝑃<.01, and ***𝑃<.001 compared with the baseline. ^†††𝑃<.001 compared with the placebo group.