Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Bile Duct

Table 3

KRAS and GNAS mutations in the intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct lineage, the biliary intraepithelial neoplasia lineage, the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas lineage, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Authors	KRAS mutation				GNAS mutation
	IPNB	BilIN	IPMN	PDAC	IPNB	BilIN	IPMN	PDAC
Furukawa et al. [39]	N.D.		47 (118)*	22 (32)	N.D.		41 (118)	0 (32)
Schlitter et al. [36]	36 (45)	14 (22)	N.D.		2 (44)	0 (22)	N.D.
Abraham et al. [38]	29 (12)	N.D.	N.D.		N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
Matthaei et al. [40]	18 (34)	N.D.	N.D.		4 (23)	N.D.	N.D.
Sasaki et al. [41]	46 (26)	33 (76)	N.D.		50 (30)	0 (76)	N.D.
Tsai et al. [42]	32 (41)	N.D.	N.D.		29 (41)	N.D.	N.D.

 *% of cases with mutations (total cases examined); N.D.: not determined.