Analysis of Charcoal Producers Perceptions of Its Production, Forest Degradation, and Governance in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia’s Dry Afromontane Forests
Table 2
Socioeconomic characteristics of the sampled household heads/charcoal producers and their association with forest degradation in Offa Woreda, Wolaita Zone (n = 98).
Socioeconomic variable
Category
Frequency
Percentage (%)
χ2
-value
Age class
≤19
8
8.16
3.234 NS
0.215
20–43
53
54.08
44–67
22
22.45
≥68
15
15.31
Gender
Male
67
68.40
13.225
0.038
Female
31
31.60
Family size
≤4
11
11.22
27.674
0.001
5–8
68
69.39
≥9
19
19.39
Educational status
Nonformal
58
59.18
35.678
0.001
Primary/elementary
18
18.37
Secondary
15
15.31
Tertiary
7
7.14
Level of association
Yes
55
56.12
2.894 NS
0.234
No
43
43.88
Occupation
Farmers
81
82.65
26.786
0.02
Trader
5
5.10
Civil servant
10
10.20
Investor
2
2.05
Ancestry
Native
56
57.14
2.562 NS
0.165
Non-native
42
42.86
Monthly income (Ethiopian birr)
<400
53
54.08
38.676
0.001
400–800
31
31.63
800–1,200
8
8.16
>1,200
6
6.12
Note. () significant level at 1%; () at 5%; (NS) indicate nonsignificance levels, respectively. source: survey result (2018/2019).