Analysis of Charcoal Producers Perceptions of Its Production, Forest Degradation, and Governance in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia’s Dry Afromontane Forests

Table 2

Socioeconomic characteristics of the sampled household heads/charcoal producers and their association with forest degradation in Offa Woreda, Wolaita Zone (n = 98).

Socioeconomic variable	Category	Frequency	Percentage (%)	χ^2	-value
Age class	≤19	8	8.16	3.234 NS	0.215
	20–43	53	54.08
	44–67	22	22.45
	≥68	15	15.31
Gender	Male	67	68.40	13.225	0.038
	Female	31	31.60
Family size	≤4	11	11.22	27.674	0.001
	5–8	68	69.39
	≥9	19	19.39
Educational status	Nonformal	58	59.18	35.678	0.001
	Primary/elementary	18	18.37
	Secondary	15	15.31
	Tertiary	7	7.14
Level of association	Yes	55	56.12	2.894 NS	0.234
	No	43	43.88
Occupation	Farmers	81	82.65	26.786	0.02
	Trader	5	5.10
	Civil servant	10	10.20
	Investor	2	2.05
Ancestry	Native	56	57.14	2.562 NS	0.165
	Non-native	42	42.86
Monthly income (Ethiopian birr)	<400	53	54.08	38.676	0.001
	400–800	31	31.63
	800–1,200	8	8.16
	>1,200	6	6.12

Note. () significant level at 1%; () at 5%; (NS) indicate nonsignificance levels, respectively. source: survey result (2018/2019).