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| FMU 1 | FMU 2 | FMU 3 | FMU 4 |
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(1) Balance supply and demand | | | | |
Measure provider’s supply | √ | √ | | √ |
Measure demand | √ | √ | | √ |
Standardize appointment length | √ | | | √ |
Restore balance with various strategies | √ | | | √ |
Eliminate annual exam | √ | | √ | √ |
Max-pack visits | √ | | √ | √ |
(2) Eliminate backlog | √ | | | √ |
Cancel unnecessary appointments | √ | | | √ |
Provide extra appointments temporarily; add office hours for a period of time | √ | | | |
Patient education strategy | | | | |
Provide verbal explanation | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Send letters to patients | √ | | | √ |
Put up posters | | | | √ |
Publish a notice in a local journal | | | | √ |
(3) Review the appointment system | | | | |
Appointment model: 90-10% 90% open slots over three- to four-week periods and 10% prebooked slots | √ | | √ | √ |
Some form of the carve-out model: 50% open for semiurgent and urgent care needs, 50% prebooked slots | | √ | | |
Maintain recall list (patients with chronic disease, pregnant women, infants, elderly and vulnerable patients, etc.) | √ | | √ | √ |
(4) Integrating interprofessional practices | | | | |
Reinforce the collaboration between physicians, nurses, advanced practice nurses, and clerical staff | √ | | | √ |
Implement a joint nurse/physician practice model | √ | | | |
Implement a small team configuration | | | | √ |
Expand nurses’ role | √ | | | √ |
Redesign clerical staff role | √ | | | √ |
(5) Create contingency plan | | | | |
Formal contingency plan | √ | | √ | √ |
Cross-coverage within a team-based approach | √ | | | √ |
Coverage for the absent provider by peers | | | √ | |
Informal arrangements system between professionals to cover for absent colleagues | | √ | | |
Informal arrangement between residents to cover for each other | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Pre- and postvacation scheduling: increase and extend working hours before leaving on vacation and when returning to the unit | √ | | | |
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