Research Article

Power Generation from Human Leukocytes/Lymphocytes in Mammalian Biofuel Cell

Table 2

Comparison of the electric output of MBFC versus implanted biofuel cells operating in vivo. The maximum power values were calculated from the original published values by taking the electrode geometric areas into account (derived from [32]).

Animal/locationOCP
(mV)

(μW)
Reference

Rat/cremaster tissue1400.35[32]
Rat/retroperitoneal space2702[33]
Rat/jugular vein2200.0095[34]
Rabbit/ear vein8000.42[35]
Lobster/hemolymph550160[36]
Snail/hemolymph5307.45[37]
Clam/hemolymph35010[38]
Insect
(Blaberus discoidalis)/
abdomen
n/a0.07[39]
Human white blood cells/
in vitro
43010 (nonactivated)
15 (activated)
This study