The Association between Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: The Moderating Effect of Weight

Table 3

Subgroup analysis and interaction of visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and metabolic syndrome.

Subgroups		SBP-SD		DBP-SD
		OR (95% CIs)^a	^b	OR (95% CIs)^a	^b
Age	≥60 years	1.02 (1.01–1.05)	0.140	1.02 (1.00–1.05)	0.207
	<60 years	1.05 (1.02–1.07)		1.05 (1.02–1.07)
Gender	Female	1.04 (1.02–1.07)	0.111	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.784
	Male	1.02 (0.99–1.04)		1.03 (0.99–1.07)
Smoking	Yes	1.04 (1.01–1.06)	0.655	1.04 (1.01–1.09)	0.670
	No	1.03 (1.01–1.05)		1.03 (0.99–1.07)
Drinking	Yes	1.01 (0.99–1.04)	0.168	1.02 (0.97–1.07)	0.614
	No	1.04 (1.02–1.06)		1.04 (1.01–1.08)
Weight change status	Increase	1.05 (1.03–1.07)	0.006	1.07 (1.03–1.11)	0.007
	Decrease	1.01 (0.98–1.03)		0.99 (0.95–1.04)
WC change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.300	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.014
	Decrease	1.02 (0.99–1.05)		1.02 (0.99–1.05)
BMI change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.064	1.05 (1.01–1.09	0.173
	Decrease	1.01 (0.98–1.04)		1.02 (0.97–1.06)
VAI change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.145	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.523
	Decrease	1.00 (0.97–1.04)		1.01 (0.96–1.07)
LAP change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.407	1.04 (1.00–1.07)	0.996
	Decrease	1.01 (0.97–1.05)		1.05 (0.98–1.11)
FPG change status	Increase	1.04 (1.01–1.06)	0.225	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	0.775
	Decrease	1.02 (0.99–1.04)		1.04 (1.00–1.08)
HbA1c change status	Increase	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.631	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.543
	Decrease	1.07 (1.01–1.13)		1.04 (0.94–1.16)
TyG change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.974	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.332
	Decrease	1.03 (0.99–1.06)		1.06 (1.01–1.12)
TC change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.07)	0.237	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	0.551
	Decrease	1.02 (1.00–1.04)		1.04 (1.01–1.08)
TG change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.301	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.805
	Decrease	1.01 (0.98–1.04)		1.03 (0.97–1.08)
HDL-C change status	Increase	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.791	1.04 (0.98–1.09)	0.814
	Decrease	1.03 (1.01–1.05)		1.03 (1.00–1.07)
LDL-C change status	Increase	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.282	1.03 (0.98–1.09)	0.975
	Decrease	1.04 (1.01–1.07)		1.04 (1.01–1.07)
CRP change status	Increase	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.380	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.648
	Decrease	1.03 (1.00–1.07)		1.03 (0.98–1.09)
WBC change status	Increase	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.160	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.804
	Decrease	1.03 (1.00–1.05)		1.04 (1.00–1.08)

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SD, standard division; OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TyG, triglyceride-and-glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell. ^aAdjusted for variables involved in Model 3. ^bThe interaction effect.