International Journal of Endocrinology

Research Article

Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index Is Negatively Associated with Hyperuricemia in US Adults: An Analysis of NHANES 2007–2018

Table 3

Stratified analysis of the association between CDAI and hyperuricemia in adjusted model 5.


Stratified variables	N	CDAI quartile
Stratified variables	N	Q1	Q2 (OR 95% CI)	value	Q3 (OR 95% CI)	value	Q4 (OR 95% CI)	value

Age
20–40	2884	Ref.	1.01 (0.72, 1.42)	0.9523	0.76 (0.52, 1.10)	0.1431	0.79 (0.50, 1.26)	0.3187
41–59	2805	Ref.	0.91 (0.67, 1.24)	0.5603	0.90 (0.64, 1.27)	0.5507	0.82 (0.53, 1.26)	0.3613
60–80	3072	Ref.	0.74 (0.58, 0.94)	0.0128	0.74 (0.56, 0.99)	0.0391	0.53 (0.36, 0.78)	0.0011
Sex
Male	4244	Ref.	0.70 (0.55, 0.90)	0.0057	0.71 (0.54, 0.92)	0.0092	0.58 (0.42, 0.80)	0.0008
Female	4517	Ref.	0.92 (0.74, 1.15)	0.4615	0.78 (0.59, 1.03)	0.0857	0.75 (0.52, 1.10)	0.1382
Race
Mexican American	1248	Ref.	0.98 (0.60, 1.62)	0.9397	0.98 (0.56, 1.71)	0.9523	0.88 (0.43, 1.81)	0.7277
Other Hispanic	870	Ref.	0.33 (0.17, 0.63)	0.0008	0.38 (0.18, 0.79)	0.0096	0.36 (0.14, 0.93)	0.0346
Non-Hispanic White	4188	Ref.	0.85 (0.67, 1.07)	0.169	0.87 (0.67, 1.13)	0.2878	0.72 (0.52, 1.01)	0.0577
Non-Hispanic Black	1650	Ref.	0.79 (0.57, 1.09)	0.1549	0.54 (0.36, 0.81)	0.0028	0.37 (0.22, 0.65)	0.0004
Other race—including multiracial	805	Ref.	1.19 (0.65, 2.20)	0.5704	1.18 (0.62, 2.25)	0.6079	1.52 (0.69, 3.37)	0.2992
Ratio of family income to poverty
≤1	1809	Ref.	0.72 (0.51, 1.02)	0.0629	0.93 (0.62, 1.38)	0.7094	0.63 (0.36, 1.10)	0.1057
1–3	3670	Ref.	0.80 (0.63, 1.02)	0.0719	0.69 (0.52, 0.91)	0.0088	0.59 (0.41, 0.86)	0.0057
>3	3282	Ref.	0.85 (0.64, 1.14)	0.2866	0.72 (0.53, 0.99)	0.041	0.68 (0.47, 1.01)	0.0544
Marital status
Married/cohabiting	5606	Ref.	0.89 (0.73, 1.10)	0.2956	0.81 (0.64, 1.02)	0.0761	0.67 (0.50, 0.91)	0.0108
Widowed/divorced/separated	1946	Ref.	0.65 (0.48, 0.88)	0.0054	0.57 (0.40, 0.82)	0.0024	0.54 (0.34, 0.87)	0.0107
Never married	1209	Ref.	0.82 (0.52, 1.31)	0.4155	0.80 (0.47, 1.37)	0.4169	0.80 (0.40, 1.59)	0.5263
BMI (kg/m²)
<20	374	Ref.	0.46 (0.06, 3.50)	0.4563	1.26 (0.16, 9.64)	0.8253	4.81 (0.53, 43.74)	0.1634
20–25	2118	Ref.	0.94 (0.61, 1.44)	0.7762	0.62 (0.38, 1.02)	0.0596	0.65 (0.35, 1.19)	0.1599
25–30	2923	Ref.	0.69 (0.52, 0.92)	0.0116	0.62 (0.45, 0.86)	0.0043	0.35 (0.22, 0.55)	<0.0001
≥30	3346	Ref.	0.84 (0.68, 1.05)	0.1327	0.83 (0.64, 1.06)	0.1352	0.86 (0.62, 1.19)	0.353
Gamma glutamyl transferase (IU/L)
4–15	2716	Ref.	0.74 (0.52, 1.05)	0.0932	0.73 (0.49, 1.08)	0.1187	0.58 (0.34, 0.97)	0.0378
16–24	2948	Ref.	0.66 (0.50, 0.87)	0.0034	0.65 (0.48, 0.90)	0.0083	0.57 (0.38, 0.86)	0.0071
25–1116	3097	Ref.	0.96 (0.75, 1.22)	0.7258	0.87 (0.66, 1.15)	0.3303	0.75 (0.53, 1.08)	0.1205
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
14–81	2912	Ref.	0.80 (0.57, 1.13)	0.2123	0.86 (0.59, 1.26)	0.4366	0.73 (0.45, 1.19)	0.2061
82–131	2923	Ref.	0.70 (0.53, 0.92)	0.0118	0.58 (0.42, 0.80)	0.0008	0.57 (0.38, 0.86)	0.0078
132–4233	2926	Ref.	0.91 (0.71, 1.16)	0.4257	0.85 (0.64, 1.12)	0.2358	0.65 (0.45, 0.94)	0.0222
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
80–172	2905	Ref.	0.97 (0.72, 1.30)	0.8374	0.90 (0.64, 1.25)	0.518	0.80 (0.52, 1.24)	0.3278
173–206	2889	Ref.	0.73 (0.55, 0.98)	0.0384	0.59 (0.42, 0.83)	0.0023	0.69 (0.45, 1.04)	0.0782
207–612	2967	Ref.	0.76 (0.59, 0.99)	0.0386	0.80 (0.60, 1.08)	0.143	0.53 (0.36, 0.78)	0.0012
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
6–44	2718	Ref.	0.81 (0.61, 1.06)	0.1252	0.97 (0.72, 1.30)	0.8404	0.81 (0.56, 1.18)	0.2784
45–57	2970	Ref.	0.90 (0.68, 1.19)	0.4751	0.76 (0.55, 1.06)	0.1032	0.68 (0.45, 1.03)	0.0705
58–226	3073	Ref.	0.75 (0.56, 1.01)	0.0543	0.54 (0.38, 0.77)	0.0006	0.46 (0.29, 0.74)	0.0013
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.32–0.74	2787	Ref.	0.75 (0.53, 1.08)	0.1216	0.81 (0.53, 1.22)	0.3086	0.65 (0.36, 1.14)	0.1322
0.75–0.92	2941	Ref.	1.03 (0.77, 1.37)	0.8503	1.02 (0.73, 1.42)	0.9208	1.01 (0.66, 1.55)	0.9705
0.93–17.41	3033	Ref.	0.75 (0.58, 0.96)	0.0205	0.65 (0.49, 0.85)	0.0021	0.55 (0.39, 0.77)	0.0006
Dietary energy intake (kcal)
193–3214	2918	Ref.	0.77 (0.61, 0.98)	0.0324	0.83 (0.59, 1.16)	0.272	1.17 (0.68, 2.04)	0.5694
3215–4452	2920	Ref.	0.84 (0.62, 1.15)	0.2758	0.69 (0.49, 0.96)	0.03	0.55 (0.36, 0.83)	0.0049
4453–18959	2923	Ref.	0.56 (0.31, 1.01)	0.0526	0.51 (0.29, 0.90)	0.0193	0.44 (0.24, 0.79)	0.0059
Hypertension status
No	4913	Ref.	0.90 (0.69, 1.17)	0.4316	0.94 (0.71, 1.26)	0.7	0.80 (0.56, 1.16)	0.2463
Yes	3848	Ref.	0.77 (0.63, 0.94)	0.0112	0.65 (0.51, 0.83)	0.0005	0.59 (0.43, 0.81)	0.001
Diabetes status
No	5248	Ref.	0.82 (0.65, 1.04)	0.0953	0.62 (0.48, 0.81)	0.0005	0.56 (0.40, 0.79)	0.0007
Yes	1909	Ref.	1.00 (0.75, 1.34)	0.9855	1.06 (0.75, 1.50)	0.7294	0.96 (0.60, 1.52)	0.856
IFG	782	Ref.	0.53 (0.32, 0.90)	0.0178	0.58 (0.33, 1.01)	0.0561	0.47 (0.22, 1.00)	0.0509
IGT	822	Ref.	0.72 (0.42, 1.21)	0.2149	1.07 (0.60, 1.92)	0.821	0.79 (0.37, 1.68)	0.5422
Smoking status
Never	4823	Ref.	0.76 (0.61, 0.95)	0.0176	0.65 (0.51, 0.84)	0.001	0.60 (0.44, 0.83)	0.0022
Now	1691	Ref.	1.21 (0.83, 1.76)	0.3205	1.32 (0.84, 2.06)	0.2298	1.09 (0.59, 2.01)	0.7916
Former	2247	Ref.	0.72 (0.53, 0.97)	0.0321	0.70 (0.50, 0.98)	0.0388	0.58 (0.38, 0.88)	0.0109
Recreational activities status
No	4502	Ref.	0.79 (0.64, 0.97)	0.0242	0.79 (0.62, 1.01)	0.0588	0.78 (0.56, 1.08)	0.132
Vigorous	661	Ref.	1.03 (0.45, 2.35)	0.9377	0.35 (0.14, 0.88)	0.0256	0.55 (0.18, 1.68)	0.2931
Moderate	2403	Ref.	0.79 (0.57, 1.09)	0.1551	0.84 (0.59, 1.20)	0.3435	0.59 (0.37, 0.93)	0.0226
Both	1195	Ref.	1.01 (0.57, 1.80)	0.9683	0.64 (0.35, 1.18)	0.1524	0.40 (0.19, 0.81)	0.0114

CDAI: composite dietary antioxidant index; BMI: body mass index; IFG: impaired fasting glycemia; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance. was considered significant.