Association between Sleep Duration and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients.

Variables	All N = 2689	Control N = 2034	LVH patients N = 655	value
Age (years)	51.8 ± 12.5	51.2 ± 12.5	54.1 ± 12.1	<0.001
Male	1510 (56.2%)	1330 (65.4%)	180 (27.5%)	<0.001
Height (cm)	165.9 ± 8.7	167.5 ± 8.5	160.8 ± 7.6	<0.001
Weight (kg)	73.8 ± 14.3	76.6 ± 13.9	65.2 ± 11.6	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.7 ± 4.0	27.2 ± 4.0	25.1 ± 3.7	<0.001
Waist (cm)	94.3 ± 10.8	95.9 ± 10.4	89.4 ± 10.6	<0.001
HR (bpm)	83.9 ± 12.6	83.9 ± 12.8	83.5 ± 12.1	0.440
SBP (mmHg)	132.6 ± 17.7	133.3 ± 17.6	130.5 ± 18.1	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80.0 ± 11.9	80.8 ± 11.8	77.0 ± 11.7	<0.001
Sleep duration (hours/day)	7.6 ± 1.4	7.5 ± 1.4	7.8 ± 1.3	<0.001
Diabetes duration (months)	66 (10–142)	62 (7–133)	88 (18–165)	<0.001
History of hypertension	1131 (42.1%)	855 (42.0%)	276 (42.1%)	0.963
History of hyperlipidemia	1214 (45.1%)	923 (45.4%)	291 (44.4%)	0.671
History of HUA	312 (11.6%)	258 (12.7%)	54 (8.2%)	0.002
History of gout	59 (2.2%)	53 (2.6%)	6 (0.9%)	0.010
History of CHD	347 (12.9%)	259 (12.7%)	88 (13.4%)	0.641
History of stroke	134 (5.0%)	97 (4.8%)	37 (5.6%)	0.368
History of vascular disease	128 (4.5%)	97 (4.8%)	31 (4.7%)	0.970
Smoking	841 (31.3%)	721 (35.4%)	120 (18.3%)	<0.001
Smoking history	391 (14.5%)	326 (16.0%)	65 (9.9%)	<0.001
Alcohol drinking	1036 (38.5%)	891 (43.8%)	145 (22.1%)	<0.001
History of drinking	874 (32.5%)	740 (36.4%)	134 (20.5%)	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	8.6 (7.2–10.4)	8.6 (7.2–10.4)	8.7 (7.1–10.6)	0.756
Hb (g/L)	146 (135–157)	145 (134–157)	149 (138–159)	<0.001
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	8.2 (6.6–10.9)	8.2 (6.6–10.9)	8.3 (6.7–10.8)	0.427
ALT (U/L)	21 (15–34)	21 (15–33)	23 (16–36)	0.004
AST (U/L)	18 (14–24)	18 (14–24)	18 (15–24)	0.619
Cr (μmol/L)	66.5 (56.0–77.0)	65 (55–76)	69 (60–81)	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	5.0 (4.1–6.0)	4.9 (4.0–5.9)	5.2 (4.3–6.3)	<0.001
UA (μmol/L)	316 (263–380)	312 (258–375)	331 (280–394)	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.76 (3.95–5.57)	4.79 (3.89–5.58)	4.64 (3.89–5.56)	0.060
TG (mmol/L)	1.55 (1.07–2.37)	1.50 (1.04–2.28)	1.68 (1.14–2.52)	<0.001
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.15 (0.99–1.35)	1.16 (1.0–1.36)	1.12 (0.95–1.31)	<0.001
LDL-c (mmol/L)	3.05 (2.42–3.68)	3.07 (2.44–3.69)	2.97 (2.36–3.64)	0.126
TSH (μIU/mL)	1.82 (1.24–2.79)	1.84 (1.25–2.83)	1.77 (1.18–2.74)	0.085
FT4 (ng/dL)	13 (11.8–14.5)	13 (11.8–14.5)	13 (11.7–14.5)	0.880
FT3 (pg/mL)	3.00 (2.69–3.33)	2.99 (2.69–3.32)	3.04 (2.71–3.35)	0.133
LVEF (%)	70 (66–73)	70 (66–74)	68 (64–72)	0.044

BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HUA, hyperuricemia; CHD, coronary heart disease; HBA1c, hemoglobin A1C; Hb, hemoglobin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT4, serum-free thyroxine; FT3, serum-free triiodothyronine; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. The value refers to the statistical difference between the control group and the studied group.