Factors Associated with the 4-Year Estimated Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Sex in Korean Adults: Secondary Data Analysis
Table 3
Comparison of major risk factors for T2DM in Korean adults according to sex (n = 9,614).
Variables
Male (n = 4,134)
Female (n = 5,480)
t or x²
p-value
n (%) or M ± SE
n (%) or M ± SE
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
198.77 ± 0.73
202.61 ± 0.57
18.89
≤0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)
117.73 ± 1.23
125.23 ± 1.88
11.01
≤0.001
High C-reactive protein
1.23 ± 0.03
1.05 ± 0.03
17.19
≤0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)
121.21 ± 0.31
116.89 ± 0.29
122.15
≤0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
80.77 ± 0.20
75.81 ± 0.17
405.60
≤0.001
Heart rate (/min)
55.96 ± 0.67
56.69 ± 0.59
0.75
0.388
WHtR
0.51 ± 0.00
0.50 ± 0.00
13.75
≤0.001
<0.53
2,312 (66.9)
3,270 (67.5)
0.31
0.580
≥0.53
1,244 (33.1)
1,722 (32.5)
PA (MET-min/week)
1,151.82 ± 27.18
1,019.86 ± 20.05
17.41
≤0.001
<600
2,241 (51.6)
2,948 (52.1)
11.92
≤0.001
600–1,499
964 (24.7)
1,531 (28.9)
1,500–2,999
604 (15.1)
687 (12.9)
≥3,000
325 (8.6)
314 (6.1)
Sedentary time (h/day)
7.22 ± 0.08
6.92 ± 0.07
10.70
≤0.001
≥8
1,836 (47.6)
2,339 (43.8)
9.90
0.002
<8
2,049 (52.4)
2,917 (56.2)
Alcohol intake
None
629 (15.3)
1,756 (31.7)
934.10
≤0.001
1–4 cups/month
1,707 (44.4)
2,943 (56.7)
≥2 cups/week
1,566 (40.3)
591 (11.6)
Monthly drinking rate†
0.74 ± 0.01
0.43 ± 0.01
733.33
≤0.001
No drinking or <1 cup/month
1,006 (25.7)
3,058 (56.5)
733.33
≤0.001
≥1 cup/month
2,849 (74.3)
2,182 (43.5)
Sleep time per day (weekly average)
6.54 ± 0.04
6.63 ± 0.03
4.07
0.044
7–8 h
1,723 (45.2)
2,371 (44.7)
0.17
0.684
<7 or >8 h
2,107 (54.8)
2,852 (55.3)
Hyperlipidemia
No
3,617 (87.6)
4,631 (85.6)
6.21
0.013
Yes
517 (12.4)
849 (14.4)
Statin therapy
No
3,729 (90.7)
4,797 (88.7)
8.13
0.004
Yes
405 (9.3)
683 (11.3)
;n: unweighted count; %: weighted count; SE: standard error; WHtR: waist-to-height ratio; PA: physical activity; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; M: mean; DM: diabetes mellitus. †This variable was calculated by including the total number of participants as the denominator and the number of participants who responded that they had consumed alcohol at least once a month in the last year as the numerator.
