No. Type of study Name of the study Total number of patients Duration of follow-up (years) Subject characteristics Study outcome measured Rate ratio 95% CI 1 Prospective cohort Sievers et al., 1999 [11 ] 1745 10.6 Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes ≥15 years of age 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 hPG) levels were associated with death rate from cardiovascular disease (CVD) Death rate 1.2 1.1–1.4 0.007 2 Prospective cohort de Vegt et al., 1999 [12 ] 2363 8 Dutch subjects 50–75 years without known diabetes Postload glucose predictive of increased cardiovascular mortality even within the nondiabetic range Relative risk (RR) 3.4 1.35–8.53 <0.05 3 Prospective cohort Meigs et al., 2002 [13 ] 3370 4 Subjects from the Framingham offspring study without clinical CVD or medication-treated diabetes 2 hPG is associated with cardiovascular events RR 1.14 1.02–1.27 Not available 4 Prospective cohort Brunner et al., 2006 [14 ] 17869 33 London-based male civil servants aged 40–64 years excluding those with known diabetes and with missing glucose measurements 2 hPG associated with coronary heart disease Hazard ratio (HR) 3.62 2.34–5.56 Not available 5 Prospective cohort Meisinger et al., 2006 [15 ] 1160 30 Randomly selected 40–59 year non-diabetic German subjects 1-hour postload glucose (1 hPG) associated with all-cause mortality HR 1.49 1.17–1.88 Not available 6 Prospective cohort (1974–1979) Nigam et al., 2007 [16 ] 1691 14.7 Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were enrolled at 15 centers throughout North America Postprandial hyperglycemia was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes HR 0.89 0.59–1.36 Not available 7 Prospective cohort Chien et al., 2008 [17 ] 2165 10.5 Chinese subjects in Taiwan aged ≥35 years Postchallenge glucose was associated with major cardiovascular events RR 2.05 1.23–3.42 ≤0.001 8 Prospective cohort Sarwar et al., 2010 [18 ] 18569 23.5 Iceland subjects without history of diabetes and myocardial infarction (MI) Postload glucose associated with coronary heart disease HR 1.03 1.01–1.05 Not available 9 Meta-analysis of 26 western prospective cohort studies Sarwar et al., 2010 [18 ] 12652 Not applicable Not applicable Postload glucose associated with coronary heart disease RR 1.05 1.03–1.07 Not available 10 Prospective cohort Kitada et al., 2010 [19 ] 422 2 Acute MI (AMI) Japanese patients 2 hPG was the only independent predictor of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) two years after AMI Odds ratio (OR) 1.85 1.07–3.21 0.028 11 Case control Shimabukuro et al., 2011 [20 ] 287 Not applicable Japanese who visited the university hospital to be checked for glucose intolerance or known type 2 diabetes were consecutively recruited Left ventricle dysfunction associated with impaired glucose tolerance OR 3.43 1.09–11.2 0.037 12 Prospective cohort (HEART2D trial) Raz et al., 2011 [21 ] 1115 2.7 Patients with type 2 diabetes who survived of AMI Patients using insulin targeting the postprandial versus fasting hyperglycemia had lower cardiovascular events HR 0.69 0.49–0.96 0.029 13 Large prospective cohort (EpiDREAM study) Anand et al., 2012 [22 ] 18,990 3.5 30–85 years multiethnic patients from 21 countries who had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) levels 2-hour post-OGTT glucose associated with increase in risk of cardiovascular events or death HR 1.17 1.13–1.22 Not available 14 Prospective cohort Tamita et al., 2012 [23 ] 275 5.3 Japanese subjects with AMI Abnormal glucose tolerance associated with MACE HR 2.65 1.37–5.15 0.004 15 Prospective cohort Furtado de Souza et al., 2012 [24 ] 148 36 ± 14 months Brazilian subjects undergoing diabetes screening attending a primary care unit 2-hour OGTT results were associated with CVD OR 1.013 1.002–1.025 0.024 16 9 Finnish and Swedish prospective cohort Ning et al., 2012 [25 ] 3743 men and 3916 women 16.4 25 to 90 years who had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 6.1 mmol/l and 2 h PG < 7.8 mmol/l and free of CVD 2 hPG associated with coronary heart disease HR 1.13 in men; 1.33 in women 0.93–1.37 in men; 0.83–2.13 in women Not available 17 Prospective cohort Henareh and Agewall, 2012 [26 ] 123 6.03 ± 1.36 Swedish subjects aged 31–80 years who had suffered a previous MI 2 hPG was a significant predictor of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, and unstable angina pectoris HR 1.27 1.00–1.62 <0.05 18 Prospective cohort Silbernagel et al., 2012 [27 ] 1772 7.7 ± 2.0 German nondiabetic subjects who were referred for angiography and whose FPG was <126 mg/dl underwent OGTT Postchallenge glucose undetected by fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin independently predicted the cardiovascular mortality HR 1.57 1.02–2.43 0.041 19 Cross sectional (second strong heart study) Capaldo et al., 2013 [28 ] 562 Not applicable American nondiabetic and nonhypertensive Indians of 45–74 years of age Both higher IFG and IGT levels rather than only IFG associated with left ventricular hypertrophy OR 9.76 2.03–46.79 0.004 20 Prospective cohort Barzin et al., 2013 [29 ] 3794 8 Tehran urban subjects aged ≥40 years without history of diabetes or CVD Isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia associated with cardiovascular events HR 1.77 1.19–2.64 0.005 21 Cross sectional Yang et al., 2013 [30 ] 6040 Not applicable Chinese prediabetic subjects CVD events associated with IGT levels compared to IFG levels OR 2.88 1.36–6.01 0.0059 22 Prospective cohort Kuramitsu et al., 2013 [31 ] 828 4.3 Japanese patients of stable angina undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) Postchallenge hyperglycemia was associated with MACE HR 1.62 1.07–2.53 0.023 23 Finnish diabetes prevention prospective cohort study Lind et al., 2014 [32 ] 504 13 Finnish individuals with IGT were followed up with yearly OGTT, FPG, and HbA1c 2 hPG was associated with CVD events HR 2.19 1.51–3.18 ≤0.001 24 Prospective cohort Ritsinger et al., 2015 [33 ] 167 AMI patients and 184 controls 10 Swedish patients up to 80 years with AMI (n = 167) and healthy controls (n = 184) with no previously known diabetes Patient with AMI having abnormal glucose tolerance after an OGTT performed at the time of discharge had higher cardiovascular mortality HR 2.3 1.24–4.25 0.008 25a Yorkshire retrospective cohort George et al., 2015 [34 ] 768 3 Patients without pre-existing diabetes mellitus post-MI IGT associated with increased incidence of MACE HR 1.54 1.06–2.24 0.024 25b Yorkshire retrospective cohort study George et al., 2015 [34 ] 768 3 Patients without pre-existing diabetes mellitus post-MI Newly diagnosed diabetes associated with increased incidence of MACE HR 2.15 1.42–3.24 0.003 26 Prospective cohort Faghihi-Kashani et al., 2016 [35 ] 2607 7.2 Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tehran 2 hPG was associated with high incidence of coronary heart disease HR 1.64 1.03–2.61 Not available 27 Prospective cohort Shahim et al., 2017 [36 ] 4004 2 24 European subjects aged ≥18–80 years hospitalized for a first or recurrent CAD event 2 hPG associated with cardiovascular events HR 1.38 1.07–1.78 0.01 28 Prospective cohort Nielsen et al., 2017 [37 ] 4934 27 Swedish subjects without diabetes 1 hPG predicted the cardiovascular death HR 1.09 1.01–1.17 0.02 29 Prospective cohort Chattopadhyay et al., February 2018 [38 ] 674 4 Post-MI survivors without known diabetes in England and Wales Only 2 hPG predicted MACE HR 1.12 1.04–1.20 ≤0.001 30 Retrospective cohort Chattopadhyay et al., August 2018 [39 ] 1056 40.8 months Acute coronary event survivors without known diabetes mellitus who had FBG and 2 hPG measured predischarge 2 hPG independently predicted MACE HR 1.091 1.043–1.142 ≤0.001 31 Cross sectional (CATAMERI study) Fiorentino et al., 2019 [40 ] 1010 Not applicable Nondiabetic Caucasian individuals with hbA1c <5.7% 1 hPG during OGTT ≥ 155 mg/dl associated with CAD OR 6.16 1.05–36.32 0.04 32 Retrospective cohort Chattopadhyay et al., 2019 [41 ] 1056 2.8 MI survivors in East yorkshire and North Lincolnshire 2 hPG predicted MACE-free survival HR 1.16 1.07–1.26 ≤0.001
