Insulin Resistance Associated with Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity Independent of Visceral Adiposity and Adiponectin Level: MedCity21 Health Examination Registry

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of subjects (n = 193).

Age, years	56.8 ± 12.7
Males, n	92 (47.7%)
Alcohol drinking habit, n	63 (32.6%)
Smoking habit, n	39 (20.1%)
DM, n	25 (13.0%)
Hypertension, n	55 (28.5%)
Dyslipidemia, n	90 (46.6%)
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	0.7 ± 0.3
AST, U/L	22.6 ± 8.2
ALT, U/L	20.8 ± 11.7
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	76.8 ± 14.2
Uric acid, mg/dL	5.5 ± 1.3
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	103.4 ± 15.5
HbA1c, %	5.8 ± 0.5
BMI, kg/m^2	22.9 ± 3.5
VFA, cm^2	76.8 ± 45.8
SFA, cm^2	141.4 ± 70.6
VFA and SFA, cm^2	218.1 ± 96.7
Log [adiponectin, μg/mL]	0.94 ± 0.20
Log [IRI, μU/mL]	0.74 ± 0.27
Log [HOMA-IR]	0.14 ± 0.30
Log [XOR activity, pmol/h/mL]	1.50 ± 0.44

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or n (%) for dichotomous variables. Adiponectin, IRI, HOMA-IR, and XOR activity were logarithm-transformed (Log) to achieve a normal distribution. Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; XOR, xanthine oxidoreductase.