Sarco-Osteoporosis: Prevalence and Association with Frailty in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Table 2
Subject characteristics of men by musculoskeletal diseases classification.
Men
No sarcopenia and no osteoporosis
Sarcopenia and no osteoporosis
Osteoporosis and no sarcopenia
Sarco-osteoporosis
value
Age (years)
71.1 ± 3.4
78.6 ± 3.8
74.8 ± 4.3
83.1 ± 2.9
0.012
BMI (kg/m2)
24.7 ± 2.4
22.6 ± 2.1
24.5 ± 3.3
21.7 ± 2.8
0.273
AMI (kg/m2)
8.6 ± 1.4
6.7 ± 0.3
7.1 ± 1.1
6.1 ± 0.4
0.013
Body fat (%)
21.6 ± 2.7
28.9 ± 2.2
23.7 ± 2.6
30.7 ± 2.4
0.011
Grip strength (kg)
35.9 ± 5.2
23.9 ± 2.3
30.6 ± 3.1
21.1 ± 2.0
0.001
Walking speed (m/s)
1.61 ± 0.22
0.72 ± 0.13
1.56 ± 0.17
0.63 ± 0.19
0.016
BMD (g/cm2)
Lumbar spine
0.84 ± 0.06
0.82 ± 0.06
0.73 ± 0.09
0.72 ± 0.11
0.041
Femoral neck
0.71 ± 0.07
0.69 ± 0.05
0.62 ± 0.08
0.60 ± 0.13
0.028
Education (>9 years)
16 (17.8%)
7 (27.0%)
8 (25.9%)
5 (29.4%)
0.156
Supplemental Vitamin D use
15 (16.7%)
10 (38.5%)
9 (29.0%)
4 (23.6%)
0.231
Supplemental calcium use
17 (18.9%)
12 (46.2%)
10 (32.3%)
4 (23.6%)
0.369
Lifestyle related habits
Drinker
7 (7.8%)
4 (15.4%)
6 (19.4%)
8 (47.1%)
0.023
Smoker
10 (11.1%)
6 (23.1%)
9 (29.0%)
7 (41.2%)
0.027
Physically active
18 (20.0%)
5 (19.2%)
8 (25.8%)
6 (15.3%)
0.159
Chronic medical history
Diabetes
13 (14.4%)
9 (34.6%)
10 (32.3%)
6 (35.3%)
0.057
Hypertension
16 (17.8%)
14 (53.9%)
13 (42.0%)
10 (58.8%)
0.063
CHD
14 (15.6%)
6 (23.1%)
8 (25.8%)
3 (17.6%)
0.326
Dementia
0
1 (3.8%)
1 (3.2%)
1 (5.9%)
0.417
Parkinsonism
1 (1.1%)
2 (7.7%)
1 (3.2%)
2 (11.8%)
0.046
Stroke
1 (1.1%)
1 (3.8%)
2 (6.5%)
0
0.132
Cancer
1 (1.1%)
0
1 (3.2%)
0
0.413
COPD
4 (4.4%)
7 (27.0%)
5 (16.1%)
3 (17.6%)
0.247
Notes. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) and number (percentage). BMI: body mass index; AMI: appendicular muscle mass index; BMD: bone mineral density; CHD: coronary heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive lung disease.
