Testosterone and Adipokines are Determinants of Physical Performance, Strength, and Aerobic Fitness in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of study participants.

Age (years)	69.4±4.1
BMI (kg/m^2)	37.0±4.9
Weight (kg)	116.7±12.9
Testosterone (ng/dL)	119.3±151.8
Estradiol (pg/mL)	52.5±22.6
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	25.0±15.3
Leptin (μg/mL)	36.6±22.6
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2.3±2.5
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	4.1±4.5
sTNFr1 (pg/mL)	167±43.4
PPT (points)	27.6±3.3
Knee flexion (Nm)	47.7±16.4
Knee extension (Nm)	71.2±25.5
Total 1-RM (lb.)	542.7±194.0
VO2 peak (mL/kg/min)	17.2±3.3

BMI: Body mass index, IL-6: interleukin-6, Hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, sTNFr-1: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, PPT: physical performance test, Total 1-RM: total 1-repetition max, VO₂ peak: peak oxygen consumption, and Nm: Newton meter.