Fasting Leptin Is a Metabolic Determinant of Food Reward in Overweight and Obese Individuals during Chronic Aerobic Exercise Training

Table 3

Pearson partial correlation coefficients (controlling for sex) between food reward and the cross-sectional and exercise-induced changes in body composition and fasting metabolic-related hormones.

Body composition and VO2peak			Metabolic hormones
	Liking	Wanting		Liking	Wanting
BM	0.393^∗∗	0.417^∗∗	Glucose	0.019	0.060
ΔBM	−0.251	0.116	ΔGlucose	−0.014	0.077
FM	0.341^∗	0.414^∗∗	Adjusted Glucose	−0.267	−0.336
ΔFM	−0.196	0.004	ΔAdjusted Glucose	−0.039	0.061
FMI	0.265	0.351^∗	Insulin	−0.236	0.311
ΔFMI	−0.223	−0.016	ΔInsulin	−0.206	−0.216
BF%	0.212	0.324^∗	Adjusted Insulin	0.155	0.194
ΔBF%	−0.210	−0.101	ΔAdjusted Insulin	−0.213	−0.178
FFM	0.295^∗	0.230	Leptin	0.358^∗	0.401^∗
ΔFFM	−0.138	0.265	ΔLeptin	−0.437^∗	−0.110
FFMI	0.213	0.184	Adjusted Leptin	0.373^∗	0.370^∗
ΔFFMI	−0.121	−0.094	ΔAdjusted Leptin	−0.378^∗	−0.159
VO2peak	−0.224	−0.231	HOMA	0.213	0.008
ΔVO2peak	−0.178	−0.179	ΔHOMA	−0.123	−0.151
			Adjusted HOMA	0.090	0.139
			ΔAdjusted HOMA	−0.124	−0.152

VO_2peak: maximal aerobic capacity; FM: fat mass; FMI: fat mass index; FFM: fat-free mass; FFMI: fat-free mass index; %BF: percentage body fat; HOMA: homeostatic model of assessment. Delta Δ: baseline to postintervention change.^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01. Of note: the metabolic-related hormones have been adjusted for percentage fat mass. Cross-sectional models represent the mean scores on each variable collapsed across baseline, week six, and postintervention.