Self-Assembled Monolayers for Dental Implants

Table 3

Types of SAMs according to the surface.

Surface		Surface active head group		Ref.
Noble metals	Gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium	Organosulfur compounds	Alkanethiols (R-SH), dialkyl sulfide (R-S-R), dialkyl disulfide (R-S-R)	[62, 64, 68–73]
Hydroxylated surfaces	Silicon oxide/silica (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), quartz, glass, and mica	Organosilanes or organosilicon derivatives	Alkylchlorosilanes (R-Si-Cl3), alkylalkoxysilanes (R-Si-(OCH3)3), and alkylaminosilanes (R-Si-(NHCH3)3)	[64, 65, 74]
Metal oxide	Silver oxide, aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium dioxide (ZnO2, zirconia), titanium/titanium oxide (TiO2), and native oxide stainless steel	Carboxylic acids	n-Alkanoic (carboxylic) acids (CnH2n+1COOH)	[64, 74, 75]
		Organophosphorus compounds	Phosphates (RPO3^2−), phosphonates/phosphonic acids (RP(O)(OH)2)	[65, 74, 76–79]