Self-Assembled Monolayers for Dental Implants

Table 2

Analytical capabilities of commonly used techniques for SAM characterization. Adapted from Liedberg and Cooper [67].

Experimental technique	Analytical capability
	Thickness	Interfacial tension	Coverage	Chemical composition	Orientation of molecule or group	Alkyl chain density	Defects and their distribution	Roughness chemical homogeneity
Ellipsometry	++	−−	0	−−	−−	0	−−	0
Contact angle goniometry	−−	++	−	0	+	0	−	+
Cycle voltammetry	−	−−	++	−−	−−	++	++	−−
Infrared spectroscopy	+	−	+	+	++	++	−	−−
XPS	0	−−	++	++	+	0	−−	−−
QCM	+	−−	++	−−	−−	0	−−	−−
AFM	−−	0	+	−	−	−	++	++

Analytical capability: ++, excellent; +, good, 0, fair; −, poor; −−, not applied.