Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Review of the Literature

Table 1

Stages of BRON-J adapted from Ruggiero et al. [17].

Stage 1	Exposed bone, asymptomatic and without evidence of inflammatory, or infectious reaction in the adjacent soft tissue
Stage 2	Exposed bone with associated pain, edema, and inflammation of the adjacent soft tissue and/or secondary infection
Stage 3	Exposed bone, with associated pain, inflammation, and infection of the adjacent soft tissue, which is hard to manage only through oral or intravenous antibiotics therapy; the presence of extraoral skin fistula secondary to osteonecrosis or a pathologic fracture is common among patients in this stage