Review Article

Methyl Jasmonate: Putative Mechanisms of Action on Cancer Cells Cycle, Metabolism, and Apoptosis

Figure 4

Methyl jasmonate mediated activities in cancer cells. MJ and other jasmonates (JAs) (1) arrest cell cycle, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation; (2) cause cell death by triggering the intrinsic and extrinsic proapoptotic pathways and induce also p53-independent apoptosis and nonapoptotic cell death or necrosis; (3) detach hexokinase (HK) from the voltage-dependent anion channel isoform 1 (VDAC1), dissociating glycolytic and mitochondrial functions, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential ( ), favoring cytochrome release, causing ATP depletion, and activating proapoptotic and inactivating antiapoptotic proteins; (4) induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering and/or mediating different cellular responses; (5) stimulate MAPK-stress signaling pathways and induce redifferentiation in leukemia cells; (6) inhibit overexpressed cancer cell enzymes such as aldo-keto reductase 1 (AKR1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX).
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