The Chemical Interplay between Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase: Reactions, Effectors and Pathophysiology
Figure 2
Morphine-induced mitochondrial membrane potential and NOx changes in Glioma cells. Fluorescence microscopy: control cells (a), 20 nM morphine incubated for 24 h (b). Mitochondrial membrane potential () was probed using Rhodamine123; the dye is electrophoretically accumulated by the cell mitochondria. Bulk fluorescence (c). Control (ctr) versus morphine-treated (morphine) cells, assayed in air-equilibrated medium and in the presence of 2 μM ouabain and 0.4 μM JC-1; after signal stabilization, 0.6 μM nigericin is added and fluorescence changes followed over time. Addition of valinomycin abolishes the membrane potential. Excitation and emission wavelength, 575 nm and 590 nm, respectively. Nitrite accumulation (d). The release of NOx (nitrite and nitrate) in the medium and during incubation with morphine was assessed spectrophotometrically by the Griess reaction; results expressed as percentage of control cells (ctr). *. Modified from [33].
