Chitosan and Curcumin Nanoformulations against Potential Cardiac Risks Associated with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Wistar Male Rats

Table 3

Mean values ± SE of heart thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and nitric oxide.

Experimental groups	Parameter
	TBARS (mU/mg protein)	NO (mU/mg protein)
Control	8.1 ± 0.41^d	25.5 ± 1.63^c
CsNPs	6.9 ± 0.26^d	21.8 ± 1.11^cd
CurNPs	7.4 ± 0.07^d	24.5 ± 0.79^c
(Cs + Cur) NPs	6.2 ± 0.41^d	19.0 ± 0.75^d
HAPNPs	25.0 ± 1.18^a	37.8 ± 1.38^a
(Cs + HAP) NPs	18.9 ± 0.78^b	33.6 ± 1.38^b
(Cur + HAP) NPs	17.7 ± 0.66^b	35.5 ± 1.13^b
(Cs + Cur + HAP) NPs	13.9 ± 0.49^c	30.2 ± 1.17^b

Mean values within a column not sharing common superscript letters (a, b, c, d, and e) were significantly different, . TBARS: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; NO: nitric oxide.