International Journal of Biomaterials

Research Article

Potentials of Biochars Derived from Bamboo Leaf Biomass as Energy Sources: Effect of Temperature and Time of Heating

Table 6

Peak position and intensity of chemical bond for bamboo leaves as a function of temperature and time of heating were measured by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR).


Chemical bond	250°C peak position and intensity (time (minutes))	300°C peak position and intensity (time (minutes))	350°C peak position and intensity (time)

O-H stretching (lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose)	3420 cm⁻¹, 18.65 (30), 16.67 (60), 23.95 (90)	3420 cm⁻¹, 37.03 (30), 29.77 (60), 28.44 (90)	3420 cm⁻¹ 38.98 (30), 67.58 (60), 42.28 (90)

C≡C asymmetric stretching (hemicellulose)	2375 cm⁻¹ 96.10 (30), 97.70 (60), 97.17 (90)	2375 cm⁻¹ 94.65 (30), 97.03 (60), 92.86 (90)	2360 cm⁻¹ 84.88 (30), 86.90 (60), 91.18 (90)

C=O stretching (lignin)	1710 cm⁻¹ 25.82 (30), 52.71 (60), 38.59 (90)	1705 cm⁻¹ 52.01 (30), 41.23 (60), 53.82 (90)	Peak not observed

C=C asymmetric stretching (lignin)	1614 cm⁻¹ 13.20 (30), 28.37 (60), 19.62 (90)	1614 cm⁻¹ 26.94 (30), 41.23 (60), 53.82 (90)	1614 cm⁻¹ 33.71 (30), 65.49 (60), 36.82 (90)

C-O stretching (hemicellulose)	1383 cm⁻¹ 85.03 (30), 87.05 (60), 85.93 (90)	1382 cm⁻¹ 89.24 (30), 86.93 (60), 84.94 (90)	1382 cm⁻¹ 89.41 (30), 95.88 (60), 92.62 (90)

C-C stretching (hemicellulose)	1319 cm⁻¹ 74.09 (30), 75.32 (60), 72.41 (90)	1318 cm⁻¹ 75.56 (30), 74.20 (60), 78.37 (90)	1319 cm⁻¹ 80.92 (30), 89.61 (60), 76.14 (90)

C-O stretching C-OH bending (hemicellulose, cellulose)	1097 cm⁻¹ 3.87 (30), 4.24 (60), 16.08 (90)	1098 cm⁻¹ 15.76 (30), 9.95 (60), 7.76 (90)	1098 cm⁻¹ 14.21 (30), 41.57 (60), 3.21 (90)

C-H bending (lignin)	784 cm⁻¹ 62.18 (30), 59.01 (60), 69.85 (90)	784 cm⁻¹ 71.25 (30), 66.72 (60), 67.82 (90)	785 cm⁻¹ 73.56 (30), 86.10 (60), 66.46 (90)