Influence of Vanadium 4+ and 5+ Ions on the Differentiation and Activation of Human Osteoclasts

<div>Quantitative analysis of TRAP expression by osteoclasts and monocytes supplemented with osteoclast differentiation cytokines in the presence of increasing concentrations (0 to 3 <i>μ</i>M) of V4<sup>+</sup> ions. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) indicates the average TRAP expression per cell. The MFI value indicates relative TRAP expression when compared with the control (MFI = 121). 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International Journal of Biomaterials

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Influence of Vanadium 4+ and 5+ Ions on the Differentiation and Activation of Human Osteoclasts 